NURSING 3PA2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Rectal Examination, Fecal Occult Blood
Document Summary
Adenoma (glandular, benign: most malignancies dvp form adenomatous polyps. 3rd most common site of new cancer cases. Diet high in red meat, processed meat/ nitrates, low fiber diet (revise fiber point) Nausea, vomiting r/t backup of feces upper gi tract is irrirated. General abd discomfort, gas pain, bloating, fullness, cramping. Higher the grade = worse the cancer is (aka a high grade tumor) Analyze the size of the tumor and spread to lymph nodes. Fecal occult blood test (fobt) recommended to everyone after age 50 for. Blood tests cea carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker; cae see ppt. Continued damaged cells results abnormal cell growth: metaplasia. Risk factors: cigarette smoking/ second hand smoke, environmental/ occupational exposure to: air pollutants, motor emissions, manufacturing arsenic, nickel, chromium, silica dust, radon gas. S/s: often very late; early lc is asymptomatic; early signs include persistent cough, dyspnea, bronchitis, recurrent upper respiratory infections; blood or rust coloured sputum, late: chest pain, hoarseness, dysphagia r/t compressed escaphagus.
