LINGUIST 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sonorant, Continuant
24 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture Nine
What’s up?
. Optional Quiz Friday-Sunday (1-3)
. Quiz Monday-Tuesday (4th-5th) (FOR MARKS)
. Optional exercise Wednesday (6th)
. Quiz Thursday- Saturday (June 7-8) (FOR MARKS)
. Optional practice quiz (review everything quiz) Friday (June 8th) – Tuesday (June
12th)
. EXAM June 12
Tips to remembering the chart
* Nasals, liquids, guides= + sonorant
* Affricates, stops are obstruents= - sonorant
* THERE IS A PRACTICE ONE AND FULLY WORKED OUT SOLUTION on avenue in
the CHECKLIST for next week*
Today’s Goals
. Describe allophonic variation in terms of natural classes
. Allophonic Variation often occurs within natural classes
. Conditioning Environments (predicts where sound becomes changed)
are often Natural Classes
Practice: * we have to know the chart—easier to remember by natural classes*
1) Rounded vowels
[ae, u, o, funky u, upside down v, backward c, a]
- consonant
+ sonarant
+ syllabic
+ continuant
+ voice
DORSAL
V
LABIAL
+ round
* You don’t have to add high or low because there is enough information above
2) Voiceless obstruents (opposite of sonorant)
[p, t, k, f, s, theta, long s, ts]
+ consonant
- sonorant
- syllabic
- nasal
- lateral
- voice
you don’t have to say this because it is – sonorant (all nasals are this)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
you don’t have to say this because it is – sonoarant (all laterals are this)
V + consonant + consonant
+ back - sonorant + sonorant
+ tense - syllabic + continuant
+ continuant
- voice
[ u, o, a] [ f, theta, s, long s] (l, upside down r)
* NASALS are NOT + continuant (because it only refers to the mouth sounds)
Ex) Spanish data from last class
. In conclusion voiced stops become fricatives between vowels
. They go from – continuant to + continuant
. The manner of articulation doesn’t matter, because these allophones will
show up in predictable environments
A Phonological Rule
. Not prescriptive rules
. Part of the mental grammar
. Describe patterns of allophonic variation
. FORMULA: X Y / A ____ B
. Questions to ask yourself
. What class of sounds is the underlying form?
. What phonetic change occurs?
. Where does it occur?
. Natural class explaining underlying form
+ consonant
- sonorant
- syllabic
- continuant
+ voice (voiced stops)
BECOME
+ continuant (only have to label the change)
(fricatives)
IN THE ENVIRONEMT/ V___ V (between vowels) (use square brackets to show an
actual letter, ex. [t] _____ [p] )
Rule Notation to words
EXAMPLE 1:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Optional practice quiz (review everything quiz) friday (june 8th) tuesday (june. * there is a practice one and fully worked out solution on avenue in the checklist for next week* Describe allophonic variation in terms of natural classes. Conditioning environments (predicts where sound becomes changed) are often natural classes. Practice: * we have to know the chart easier to remember by natural classes: rounded vowels. [ae, u, o, funky u, upside down v, backward c, a] * you don"t have to add high or low because there is enough information above: voiceless obstruents (opposite of sonorant) [p, t, k, f, s, theta, long s, ts] You don"t have to say this because it is sonorant (all nasals are this) You don"t have to say this because it is sonoarant (all laterals are this) * nasals are not + continuant (because it only refers to the mouth sounds) In conclusion voiced stops become fricatives between vowels.
