LIFESCI 2N03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Gallbladder, Starch, Glycosuria
8 Feb 2016
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Plants: glycogen starch (amylopectin and amylose) & fibre. Glycoprotein: covalent link between protein and a carbohydrate monomer. Sugar alcohols: derived from monosaccharides, used as a sweetener (sorbitol made from glucose) . sweetens sugarless gum. Oligosaccharides: 3-9 cho monomers: considered to be a complex carbohydrate. Tubers: potatoes, yams, cassava (toxic in raw form) So, why do we need to eat carbohydrates: energy needs. Fuel source for neurons (only uses glucose except during starvation . can uptake protein. Need cho to metabolize other fuels fat burns in a flame of carbohydrates . Major source of production is the liver (inside mitochondrion) Heart and renal cortex cells: ketone bodies are used as fuel. Brain neurons use ketone bodies (water soluble) converted to acetyl coa. High levels of ketone bodies in blood reduces adipocyte lipolysis. So, why do we need to eat carbohydrates? (cont"d: pregnancy: fetus and placenta feed on glucose. Gestational diabetes: elevated blood glucose during pregnancy: spares muscle protein degradation for energy.
