HISTORY 3EC3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Junzi, Deism, U.S. Route 3
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
SeungJoon SUNG
East Asian Cultures (Chin)
TuTh 12:30-1:45pm
Sept/18/2012
#5 Reading & Class Notes for Sept 18
Mozi
Lived between Confucius and Mencius
Possibly from class of slaves → Not surprising that his following was small
Beliefs
Universal Love & Utilitarianism (practical) → love to PROFIT from each other (conditional)
Promote the worthy (merit)
Firm belief in heaven - heaven created us equally → heaven will revenge is smth wrong is done
Against Confucian rites - waste of time and money → use them to better the people (practical)
Relationships - partial/inconsistent
Xunzi
Lived end of Zhou + Qin unification
Later becomes basis for legalism (strict laws & harsh punishment)
Beliefs
Man is born good, but becomes self-centered (greed comes from conscious activity)
Li: what you learn to control evil nature
Accepts Confucian relationships
Heaven plays no part in life (deism) - heaven only sets world in motion (seasons, eclipse, etc.)
Anyone can become a leader EXCEPT the fundamentally evil (cast them away instantly)
Confucius
551-479 BCE
Born in Lu (eastern China)
Kong Qiu Kong Fuzi (our master kong) Confucius
Ru = Confucianism (soft, gentle, enduring, weak … followers were identified as ru)
Travelled across many states, looking for someone who shared his vision (ru)
Eventually failed became a teacher (after his death, his ideas survived)
Confucius’s ideas were too abstract for politicians to use Mencius (later) was more practical
Moral Nobility (junzi)
“gentleman” or “son of a lord”
Implies egalitarian principles (anyone could become a junzi)
Filial devotion, humaneness, ritual decorum (also Confucius’s govt. views)
Li: Rule by virtue (not harsh punishment)
Think long term and big, instead of looking for small advantages
Everyone qualifies for an education (no class distinctions)
Heaven has a place for everyone, and sacrifice as if they were present
Ruler should treat the people as he wants to be treated
1
find more resources at oneclass.com
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5 Relationships
Confucius stressed Li and Reciprocity
1) Ruler/Subject
2) Old/Young
3) Father/Son (filial)
4) Brothers
5) Husband/Wife
Women: Respect father marry Respect husband Husband dies Respect son
5 Classics
Was written before Confucius, but Confucius compiled them
1) Book of Rites
2) Book of Poetry (those who studied the first two books were superior men)
3) Book of History (past)
4) Spring/Autumn Annals (current)
5) Book of Changes (future)
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Strike in Boston Chinese take RR, work for lower wages Got “I will do anything” reputation
1882 Exclusion Act
No new naturalizations
No cross marriage (except with blacks)
BUT… US law says a child qualifies for naturalization after 5 years in the US
Those who were already citizens went back to China
9 months later: claimed he had a son, got a paper, then sold it others in China later
1943: Exclusion lifted (quota of 105 / year)
1964: Immigration Reform Act (20,000 people allowed)
Chinese Women
1945: War Brides’ Act (wives/families could be brought, no questions asked)
First Chinese communities formed
1920s: Garment industry began (Jews, Germans, etc.) 1950s: children moved to better jobs
Chinese women filled vacancies (industry moved from FIT to Soho)
Groceries & Sit-down restaurants began
Unionization
ILGWU unionized
Jewish bosses began to retire Chinese bosses began to spring up
1982: “We’re all Chinese… don’t need union anymore” Jewish bosses prepared beforehand
and hired musclemen 20,000 women walked out on jobs New contracts were signed
Since then… Got away from union by moving to boroughs (new Chinatowns began there)
2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
#5 reading & class notes for sept 18. Possibly from class of slaves not surprising that his following was small. Universal love & utilitarianism (practical) love to profit from each other (conditional) Firm belief in heaven - heaven created us equally heaven will revenge is smth wrong is done. Against confucian rites - waste of time and money use them to better the people (practical) Later becomes basis for legalism (strict laws & harsh punishment) Man is born good, but becomes self-centered (greed comes from conscious activity) Li: what you learn to control evil nature. Heaven plays no part in life (deism) - heaven only sets world in motion (seasons, eclipse, etc. ) Anyone can become a leader except the fundamentally evil (cast them away instantly) Confucius stressed li and reciprocity: ruler/subject, old/young, father/son (filial, brothers, husband/wife. Kong qiu kong fuzi (our master kong) confucius. Ru = confucianism (soft, gentle, enduring, weak followers were identified as ru)
