GEOG 1HB3 Lecture 4: Lectures 12-17- Cities and Urbanization
12 Dec 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Greater and greater proportions of the global population are living in urban areas each year: change over time 10% to 50% in 200 years. Region of first cities: mesopotamia (middle east north africa, fertile crescent) Followed closely by several other areas: urban hearths. Surplus led to second key transformation; labour specialization: production (ie. manufacturing): tools, goods, etc, services ie. admin, religion, military, education, the principle of agglomeration economies; clustering of goods and services, first cities ~55000 ya. Cities: between mesopotamia (& other urban hearths) ~5500 ya and the industrial revolution (c. 1700s) Local and regional trade, education, religion, and or governance. Level of urbanization was low (10%: medieval cities look a lot like ancient cities, global urbanization still low, most people still live in rural areas. Large part of industrial revolution benefits the agricultural industry. Industrial revolution aka: 2nd agricultural revolution or green revolution. In some areas urbanization is well in excess or well below ~10-50% is global avg.
