GEOG 1HB3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Unit, World-Systems Theory, Open Shop
10 May 2018
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UNIT 2 LEC A – GLOBALIZATION & DEVELOPMENT I –
INTERCONNECTED WORLD
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of people and societies around the world. It is a
complex concept that involves the economic, political and cultural changes that have always been
available but were more noticeable in the 1980, bringing about a seemingly ever-increasing
connectedness of both people and places.
They are two dimensions of Globalization:
1. It is the process which the world become a single world society – a global village, where
everyone is connected, everyone gets alone, everyone speaks the same language, etc.
2. It involves the production and consumption of goods and services – the world becomes a global
shopping mall and a global assembly line, where items can be produced and/or bought
anywhere and shipped to other places.
World Trade
The emergence of a globalized economy is best illustrated via the rapid growth in world trade (the open
exchange of goods and services between countries). This growth has been aided by the ability to shift
production to other areas of the world. Ex: Many products and items manufactured in China can be
found in various other countries.
• Global Shipping: With more global transportation route available, more goods can be
transported to other countries which in turn facilitate Globalization.
Three key factors/changes can be attributed to the increasing interconnectedness between countries;
1. Reduction of friction of distance: Innovation in communication and transportation
technologies increases accessibility and connectivity which increases access to good and
services from afar.
• Container shipping: a sheer amount of goods can be moved in containers from one
country to another. People now have access to goods and services from afar.
• Internet: People can now easily order items online.
2. Breaking down barriers: By removing barriers to trade and foreign investments, there is
increase in flow of goods, services, policies and people between countries.
• Supranational organizations: a multinational grouping of independent states. E.g.
NAFTA, ASEAN, EU, etc. Such organizations have policies in place that enable member
countries have more access to each other.
• Trans- National Corporations (TNC): these are large business organizations that operate
in two or more countries. They have headquarters in one countries and have
subsidiaries, factories, etc. in others e.g. Nike, etc.
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Document Summary
Unit 2 lec a globalization & development i . Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of people and societies around the world. It is a complex concept that involves the economic, political and cultural changes that have always been available but were more noticeable in the 1980, bringing about a seemingly ever-increasing connectedness of both people and places. It is the process which the world become a single world society a global village, where everyone is connected, everyone gets alone, everyone speaks the same language, etc. It involves the production and consumption of goods and services the world becomes a global shopping mall and a global assembly line, where items can be produced and/or bought anywhere and shipped to other places. The emergence of a globalized economy is best illustrated via the rapid growth in world trade (the open exchange of goods and services between countries).
