ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Market Power, Perfect Competition, Marginal Revenue

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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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Perfect competition in the short run: choosing the profit maximizing quantity to produce. Recall: in a perfectly competitive market, market demand and market supply determine equilibrium price. Where everyone is a price taker, goods are identical, and firms can freely enter/exit the market. Recall: total revenue = p x q. tr is a linear function of q. When tc > tr there will be losses, when tc < tr there is profit. Average revenue (ar): how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. Marginal revenue (mr): the change in tr from an additional unit sold. (slope of tr function) (cid:2174)=(cid:2174)(cid:2173)=(cid:2172)(cid:2173)(cid:2173)=(cid:2172) (cid:2174)=(cid:2174)(cid:2173) If mr > mc you will be making a profit on that good, so firms should increase production ( q) If mr < mc you will not be making a profit, so firms should decrease production ( q)

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PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

Reminders:

Q: Quantity, TC: Total Costs, VC: Variable Costs, MC: Marginal Costs, MR: Marginal Revenue, TR: Total Revenue

1. Suppose the market for DVD movies is perfectly competitive. The industry price for the movies is $24, and a typical firm has the following total cost data:

Q	TC	VC	MC	MR	TR	Net Profit
0	10
1	33
2	53
3	70
4	90
5	114
6	143

a. Calculate the TR, MR, and MC for each level of output.

b. What condition must be met for the firm to maximize profits? What is the profit maximizing level of output and price for this firm? How much profit would be made?

2. Now suppose that some firms have been able to differentiate their DVDs, and the market has become monopolistically competitive. A typical firm now has the following demand schedule and total cost data:

Q	P	TC	VC	MC	MR	TR	Net Profit
0	40	8
1	35	20
2	30	28
3	25	40
4	20	56
5	15	76
6	10	100

a. Calculate the TR, MR, and MC for each level of output.

b. What condition must be met for the firm to maximize profits? What is the profit maximizing level of output and price for this firm? How much profit would be made?

The average revenue (demand) for product Q is given by AR = 50 - Q and the total cost of Q by:

STC = 100-4Q+2Q^2

a. Find the price function and then the TR function. See Assignment 3 or 4 for an example. Hint: another name for price is average revenue (AR).

b. Write the MR and MC functions below. Remember: MR = dTR/dQ and MC = dSTC/dQ. See Assignment 5 for a review of derivatives.

c. What positive value of Q will maximize total profit? Remember, letting MR = MC signals the objective of total profit maximization. Solve MR = MC for Q. The value of Q you get should not be zero or negative.

d. Use the price function found in (a) to determine the price per unit that will need to be charged at the Q found in (c). This will be the price you should ask for the total profit maximizing quantity.

e. What total profit will result from selling the quantity found in (c) at the price found in (d)? Hint: the profit function is found as TR â STC.

orangemole416

DISCUSSION QUESTION PART 1: Explain, in your own words, why profit maximization happens at the point where MR = MC, and not where MR is greater than MC. Refer to Figure 7.2. in the textbook. Should the 4th unit of output be sold? What about the 5th unit, 6th unit, 7th unit, 8th unit, 9th, or 10th unit? Use your understanding of MR = MC rule to explain.

DISCUSSION QUESTION PART 2: If you are the manager of a perfectly competitive firm that is making a loss (TR < TC), would you decide to shut it down? Under what circumstances would you decide to operate an unprofitable business?

ECON 1B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Market Power, Perfect Competition, Marginal Revenue

ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes

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