EARTHSC 2GG3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Surface Runoff, Natural Disaster, Inverse Relation
11 Jan 2017
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Processes: physi(cid:272)al, (cid:272)he(cid:373)i(cid:272)al a(cid:374)d (cid:271)iologi(cid:272)al (cid:449)ays i(cid:374) (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h e(cid:448)e(cid:374)ts affe(cid:272)t earth"s surfa(cid:272)e. Internal processes come from forces within earth: plate tectonics, result of internal energy of earth. External processes (cid:272)o(cid:373)e fro(cid:373) for(cid:272)es o(cid:374) earth"s surfa(cid:272)e: atmospheric effects, energy from the sun. Hazard: probability that a specific damaging event will happen within a particular period of time. Risk: a function of the hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity. Disaster: hazardous event that occurs over a limited time in a defined area. Recently, there has been an apparent increase in natural disasters: japan tsunami, nepal earthquake, haiti earthquake, hurricane katrina, 2015 heat wave in southern india. The united nations designated the 1990s as the international decade for natural. An event is considered to be a natural disaster when one of the four criteria are met: 10 or more people are killed, 100 or more people are affected, a state of emergency is declared. Increase in damage (infrastructure, technology, communication systems etc)
