CHEM 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Boltzmann Constant, Joule, Tasmania

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 1A03
• Professor: David Brock

Document Summary

Rusting on our cars: 4 fe(s) + 3 o2 (g) 2 fe2o3 (s, forward = spontaneous, reverse spontaneous, recover iron by reacting it with elemental carbon, removing oxygen as. Co2 (g: requires a great deal of energy, used to make steel. Occurs without the input of additional energy. If spontaneous in forward, it is not spontaneous in the reverse: temperatures above 0 c, water melts spontaneously, don"t observe: temperatures below 0 c, water freezes spontaneously. Spontaneous processes occur without are possible intervention. Non-spontaneous requires the system to be acted on by an external agent (input of energy) Reaction naturally proceeds to reactants or products, depending on which is more stable or lower in energy. Does not tell us about how long it will take. Many reactions that are spontaneous liberate heat: many are exothermic. Thermite reaction iron (iii) oxide + solid aluminum . Reaction produces so much heat, iron liquefies. Not all processes that are spontaneous are exothermic: ex.