BIOLOGY 2F03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pyloric Stenosis, Pleural Effusion, Chronic Pancreatitis
19 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Gallstones
• Types:
o Cholesterol (most common) o Pigment (haemolytic states)
• Risk factors
o Female
o Forty
o Fat
o Fertile
o Fair
Annular Pancreas
• Failure of migration of the ventral bud
• Obstructs duodenum
• Presents in infancy with a similar picture to pyloric stenosis
Pancreas Divisium
• Incomplete fusion of the ventral and dorsal ducts
• Predisposes to
o Chronic Pancreatitis
o Pancreas Ca
Acute Pancreatitis
• Inflammatory condition of the pancreas
• Causes
o Gallstones (45%)
o Ethanol (25%
o Trauma
o Steroids
o Mumps/Infections
o Autoimmune
o Scorpion venom
o Hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia
o ERCP
o Drugs
• Symptoms:
o Epigastric pain radiating to back
o Relieved by sitting forward
o Associated with vomiting
• Signs:
o Unwell
o Fever
o Tachycardia/pnoeia
o Jaundice
o Local/general peritonitis +/- shock
and ileus
o Culle’s Sig
o Grey-Turer’s sigS
• Complications
o Respiratory: ARDS, atelectasis,
pleural effusion
o Organ failure: myocardial
depression
o DIC
o Metabolic: hypocalcaemia,
hyperglycaemia, met acidosis
o Necrosis, pseudocyst , abscess,
infection
Chronic Pancreatitis
• Repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation leading to structural damage and fibrosis
• Results in exocrine and endocrine dysfunction
• Symptoms
o Wt loss
o Poor appetite
o Pain
o Exocrine dysfunction
o Endocrine dysfunction
• Signs
o Epigastric tenderness o Erythema ab igne
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