BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Translocon, Transmembrane Protein, Dihydrofolate Reductase
1 Sep 2020
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Document Summary
Responsible for oxidative and synthetic reactions in the cell. Does not have a genome (does not have its own genetic info) Inside the peroxisomes are dense regions containing protein aggregates, almost exclusively of one protein, catalase. In animals cells: synthesize cholesterol --> some of it will end up in cellular membrane. In nerve cells: synthesize plasmalogen for cell membranes --> component that increases insulating capacity of the membrane. In liver cells: site of oxidation of toxins such as alcohol. In plant cells: conversion of fatty acids to carbohydrates (particularly important in seeds) In all cells, peroxisomes are responsible for the catalysis of fatty acids. Major function of the peroxisome is the breakdown of very long fatty acids to medium fatty acids through beta-oxidation. Medium sized fatty acids are shuttled to the mitochondria for further processing (further oxidation) Oxidation of fatty acids by peroxisomes is required for eventual release of metabolic energy.
