BIOLOGY 1P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dehydration Reaction, Surgical Suture, Covalent Bond
20 Sep 2016
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Chapter 3 - biological molecules & supplementary information. Organic: describes molecules that have a carbon backbone bonded to hydrogen atoms. Far less diverse and simpler than organic molecules. Functional groups: commonly occurring combinations of atoms. Dehydration synthesis: a hydrogen ion (h+) is removed from one unit and a hydroxyl ion (oh-) is removed from a second subunit, leaving openings in the outer electron shells of atoms in the two subunits. These openings are lled when the subunits share electrons, creating a covalent bond that links them. Electrons in the outer circles are able to form bonds. Hydrolysis: breaks apart the molecule into its original subunits, with water donating a hydrogen ion to one unit and a hydroxyl unit to another. Polar: more likely to bond (ex. hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate) Non-polar: less likely to bond (ex. sulfhydryl) Carbohydrate molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ap- proximate ratio of 1:2:1.
