BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Copy-Number Variation, Introgression, Denisovan
Document Summary
Smaller brains (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) More complex behavior: tools, art, trade (archaeological evidence) There is some evidence that other hominids used/did this stuff. For walking/behavior etc. there is morphological evidence (skulls and skeletons) Differences: about 1% sequence divergence overall, about 5% allowing insertions/deletions, about 70% genes differ, dn/ds (non-synonymous to synonymous) ratio > 1 for a few hundred genes. Synonymous vs. non-synonymous: possible kinds of mutations silent, nonsense, missense . Where mutations can cause no change in amino acid coded for or not. Get a chemically similar amino acid or really different. Positive selection: increased variability mutations doing something. Negative/purifying: weeded out mutations that are doing something. Can tell what kind of selection is going on but. Hard to find only applies to genes in the coding regions, sections don"t always produce proteins. Highly accelerated regions: more mutations overall than other sections, maybe lots of positive selection. Copy number variation (need very good demonic data)
