BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Introgression, Chromosome, Zygosity
18 Oct 2015
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Bio 1m03 lecture 20: there"s a 1% sequence divergence between humans and chimps (if you count all the positions in the genome where the places match, there"s a 1% difference) 5% of our genes allow for insertion or deletion. If you can get some tissue from a chimp and humans brain and you can extract rna from it, you can figure out if there"s expression differences going on. Human/neanderthal differences: difficulty with evidence because we can"t get rna from neanderthals, there"s less differences between humans and neanderthals than humans and chimps. Human prehistory via genetics: small population of humans left africa 200 thousand years ago, there was an overlap between other hominins, evidence for introgression (the mixing of species. Low variation among human populations due to founder effect and bottleneck. Low effective population size: as populations got further away from africa, the homozygosity increased and genetic diversity decreased. Non-consistent gene trees: there"s complications/departures from simple haploid genes.
