BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture 15: Lecture 15

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1 Apr 2016

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BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes

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Cell cycle: eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, most of the processes is getting ready to go through mitosis. 1: g1 phase (gap 1) getting proteins ready (enzymes etc. , s phase (dna synthesis, g2 phase (gap 2, mitosis: prophase, pro-metaphase*, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to oppositie poles. Pro-metaphase: microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes: kinetochore microtubules attach to type of spindle bre network, non-kinetochore microtubules interdigitate and are not attached to kinetochore region. They help to lengthen the cell during anaphase. Metaphase: chromosomes align in the centre of cell. Anaphase: sister chromatids (which become individual chromosomes when the centromere splits) separate and travel to opposite poles. Cytokinesis: different in plant vs. animal cells: cell plate formation vs. cleavage furrow formation. Mpf: mpf - mitotic promoting factor, goes past check point and as soon as it does that it promotes the start of mitosis then cyclin is degraded but the cyclin dependent kinase stays the same.

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

Question 10

A microscope image of a cell in interphase is treated with dyes to stain the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). This image probably displays ______.

		visible nucleoli
		separate visible chromosomes
		visible spindle fibers

1 points

Question 11

To observe plant cells undergoing mitosis, the best plant tissue to isolate would be ______.

		a section of the root tip
		a section of the mature fruit
		a section of the main stem

1 points

Question 12

Owen observes a slide containing whitefish blastula sections. He finds a cell with visible spindle lines extending from two points on opposite sides of the cell and chromosomes as small black Xs halfway between the two poles. What stage of the cell cycle is Owen observing?

		anaphase
		metaphase
		prometaphase

1 points

Question 13

What structural feature can you use to distinguish between DNA-stained onion cells in anaphase and telophase?

		Sister chromatids separate as anaphase ends and telophase begins.
		The vesicles forming a cell plate appear around the onset of telophase.
		The chromosomes are clustered at visible spindle poles during anaphase.

1 points

Question 14

A carcinogen is any substance or environmental condition that ______.

		increases the frequency of mutation
		causes direct damage to DNA
		inhibits mitosis in cancer cells

1 points

Question 15

Angelina observes a slide containing whitefish blastula sections. She finds a cell with visible spindle lines extending from two points on opposite sides of the cell and chromosomes as small black Xs halfway between the two poles. What intracellular structure forms each of the two points on opposite sides of this cell?

		a metaphase plate
		a cell plate
		a pair of centrioles

1 points

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between interphase and the cell cycle?

		Interphase is a gap between rounds of cell division.
		Interphase comprises a large majority of the cell cycle in almost all cells.
		Interphase comprises a large majority of the cell cycle in slowly and non-dividing cells.

Question 17

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are cancer treatments that primarily attack cancer cells through ______.

		activating apoptosis in any rapidly dividing cells to kill off tumor cells
		destroying the blood vessels in cancerous tumors to block the flow of nutrients
		damaging DNA to the extent that cells die if they cannot repair the damage

yellowcat500

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture 15: Lecture 15

BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes

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