BIOCHEM 3H03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Antiporter, Capillary, Cell Membrane

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BIOCHEM 3H03 LECTURE 21

lOMoARcPSD| 2151316

o Withabiggradientacrossthemembrane,NawillleakinandKwill leak

out... there are specific energy-dependent pumps that will pump these

ions across a membrane

• Relationships between body fluid compartments and the barriers that

separate them o

Thereare2barriers:plasmaandinterstitalmembrane 

• Why do different compartments have different [ions]? 

o Semi-permeable membranes separate the various compartments

▪ Intracellular/ interstitial and interstital/plasmao Water moves

freely between compartmentso Small molecules (Na, K, Cl) move

across membranes but large

molecules (proteins) cannot • Key concepts

o Osmosis= the movement of water across a semi-permeable

membrane from a solution with low solute concentration to a solution

with high solute concentration

o Osmotic pressure= the force necessary to exactly oppose osmosis of a

solvent into a solution with high particle concentration

o Gibss-Donnan equilibrium= higher concentration of negatively

charged macromolecules (proteins) in one compartment causes an

asymmetric distribution of diffusable ions between compartments

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separated by semipermeable membrane→movement of moveable

electrolytes wont be the same bc need to have electrical neutrality

▪ Osmotic pressure due Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium is known as

oncotic pressure

• Solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membraneo If solutes

can move freely then ionic equilibrium will be established o If non-

moveable solutes are present (protein) then distribution of

moveable solutes will be unequal, so that two rules are satisfied

▪ Product of ion concentrations must be equal (Gibbs-

Donnan equilibrium) 

▪ Electrical neutrality must be maintained 

• Interstitial/plasma compartments

lOMoARcPSD| 2151316

o Capillary walls are permeable to water, small ions and molecules but

are less permeable to proteins and large particles

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Document Summary

Biochem 3h03 lecture 21 lomoar cpsd| 2151316: withabiggradientacrossthemembrane,nawillleakinandkwill leak out there are specific energy-dependent pumps that will pump these ions across a membrane, relationships between body fluid compartments and the barriers that separate them o. Product of ion concentrations must be equal (gibbs- Edema=anincreaseinterstitialfluidvolume(thereforeanincreasein total ecf volume) o resulting from increased capillary hydraulic pressure (heart failure)= too much water getting pushed out of the cv system o. Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure(hypoalbuminemia-starvation, nephritic syndrome, liver failure)= leave water in interstitial fluid and get edema, nothing to draw it back in. Na/l atpase pumps transport na out of the cell and k into the cell. Na/h antiporter pumps h+ out of the cell in exchange for na. Water: about 40l of water in the body o daily loss of water from the body is 2-3 l. Majority form urine, other sources include sweat, stool and respiration. Minimum urine volume necessary to maintain renal functions is 500ml. Water is taken in to replace lost fluids.

Related Questions

I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and on Questions 6 and 9 please help me with it hope you can help me with the correct answers please

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15

Glucose and amino acids move into cells via carrier proteins, the same protein can move glucose or amino acids

True

False

Question 16

ATP powered pumps move substances into and out of cells by diffusion?

True

False

Question 17

For every 3 Na ions moved out, 2 K ions are moved into a cell by one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump.

True

False

Question 18

Bulk transport of fluid and any of the substances within that fluid is called

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

exocytosis

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15

Glucose and amino acids move into cells via carrier proteins, the same protein can move glucose or amino acids

True

False

Question 16

ATP powered pumps move substances into and out of cells by diffusion?

True

False

Question 17

For every 3 Na ions moved out, 2 K ions are moved into a cell by one cycle of the sodium-potassium pump.

True

False

Question 18

Bulk transport of fluid and any of the substances within that fluid is called

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

exocytosis

1) This is a thermodynamics questions

In your body, normal osmolarity of blood serum is just under 0.3 molar. Because cell membranes are permeable to water, the osmolarity of intracellular fluid is approximately equal to that of extracellular fluid (though the intracellular and extracellular composition in terms of specific ions and proteins is quite different). As an aside, measurement of osmolarity of serum is an important clinical test used to check for dehydration or other imbalances of water and electrolytes.

a) In the supplemental information, the osmosis example presented involves sucrose as a solute, but the van't Hoff equation also applies for other solutes. Using this formula (â = cRT, where â is the excess pressure), calculate the osmotic pressure associated with 0.3 molar concentration of osmolytic particles (e.g., ions, proteins, or other dissolved particles) in contact with pure water through a semi-permeable membrane at physiological temperature of 310 K. Express your results in atmospheres of pressure (1 atmosphere of pressure is 1.0x10⁵ Pascal, where 1 Pascal is a Newton/m²).

b) A biological cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules, only a few nanometers thick, and can basically be thought of much like a soap bubble, except immersed in aqueous solution. If cells are placed in pure water, they often swell and burst in just a few minutes. Explain why this would happen.

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BIOCHEM 3H03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Antiporter, Capillary, Cell Membrane

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