BIOCHEM 2EE3 Lecture Notes - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate, Carboxylation
12 Dec 2012
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Document Summary
Fatty acids have four major physiologic roles in the cell: Added onto proteins to create lipoproteins, which targets them to membrane locations. Fatty acid derivatives serve as hormones and intracellular messengers. Most lipids are triacylglycerols, some are phospholipids and cholesterol. Digestion occurs primarily in the small intestine. Fat particles are coated with bile salts (amphipathic) from gall bladder. Degraded by pancreatic lipase (hydrolyzes c-1 and c-3 2 fatty acids and 2- monoacylglycerol). Can then be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells; bile salts are recirculated after being absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells. In the cells, fatty acids are converted by fatty acyl coa molecules. Phospholipids are hydrolyzed by pancreatic phospholipases, primarily phospholipase a2. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed by esterases to form free cholesterol, which is solubilized by bile salts and absorbed by the cells. Lipids are transported throughout the body as lipoproteins. Lipoproteins consist of a lipid (tryacylglycerol, cholesterol, cholesterol ester) core with amphipathic molecules forming layer on outside.
