SOCI 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Sub-Saharan Africa, Absenteeism, Social Capital
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Education and Development
Monday March 26th
Human capital theory:
• Investment in an individual
Enrollment rates for primary school
• Huge spike in enrollment rates in the 1850-1900s
o Education for economic, military success
▪ Military motivation innovates institutions
▪ People learn how to follow instruction
o Education is about following hierarchies, institution of discipline
o Education necessary for the homogenization of a country, nationalization
Out of school children of primary age by world region
• South Asia: drop in numbers as investment in social capital occurs
o Not the same trend for sub-Saharan Africa
Projected rate of education is predicted to go up.
Leakage: economic term that denotes investment/money input that flows out of the system.
• Inefficient; capital that exits system
o Returns you are not getting for the amount of money you are putting into the
system
• Leakage levels of non-salary inputs
o Ghana: 49% of leakage in education going elsewhere
• Difference between authorized budget and the recipients
o Something going on between government and schools
Staff related leakages
• Inappropriate assignments:
o Frequent practice of urban bias
▪ Student/teacher ratio is 4x higher in remote rural areas
o Absenteeism: students do not show up to school
• Ghost workers
o On the payroll, but is not working
o In Uganda, 20% of the workforce are ghost workers
o Mozambique: 45% of teachers paid by the government do not show up
• The quality of education is very important; it is not enough just to provide people with
the maximum amount of education
Private vs. Social Costs and Benefits of Education
• There are always costs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Out of school children of primary age by world region: south asia: drop in numbers as investment in social capital occurs, not the same trend for sub-saharan africa. Projected rate of education is predicted to go up. Leakage: economic term that denotes investment/money input that flows out of the system. Inappropriate assignments: frequent practice of urban bias, student/teacher ratio is 4x higher in remote rural areas, absenteeism: students do not show up to school, ghost workers, on the payroll, but is not working. Non-economic effects of education: health, fertility, mortality. Institutional capacity and performance: participation in global communications, governance. In certain african countries, literacy rates are almost half for women. Share of female (cid:271)a(cid:272)helor"s graduates (cid:271)y field of study (cid:894)(cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1005)(cid:1007)(cid:895: the total is what % of university graduates are women. In almost all countries, the countries have a higher share of students that are women that have graduated.
