PSYC 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Dopaminergic Pathways, Cultural Learning, Dopamine Receptor D4
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture'3:'Self-structure'
(Jan.'16)'
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Bibliography:'
-Varnum,' M.E.W.,' et' al.,' “The' Origin' of' Cultural' Differences' in' Social' Orientation'
Hypothesis.”'Current'Directions'in'Psychology,'2010.'19(1):'p.9-13'
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Introduction:'content'of'self'knowledge'
-attributes'(physical'or'psychological)'
-roles+(student,'lawyer,'father)'
-relationships+(being'the'daughter'of'a'specific'person)'
-activities'(tennis,'painting)'
-goals'(living'in'France,'travel'the'world,'be'a'rock'star,'having'a'big'family…)'
There'are'some'aspects'of'self-knowledge'that'are'chronically'activable,'depending'on'
how'often'they'are'activated'(idea'of'schemata).''
Today'we'will'focus'on'the'structure'of'self'knowledge,'which'influences'how'we'thing'
and'how'we'behave.''
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Plan:''
I.+Structure+of+self+knowledge+
A.'Integration'of'self'knowledge''
' 1.'Self'concept'clarity'(Campbell'et'al'1996)'
'2.'Self-discrepancies'(Higgins)'
B.'Differentiation'
' 1.'Self'complexity'(Linville,'1985;'1987)'
'2.'Self-complexity'implications'(Linville,'1985,'1987)'
' 'a.'“Spillover”'(co-activation'of'related'self'aspects)'
' ' b.'Affect'extremity'hypothesis'
' ' c.'Study'1:'Spillover'
' ' d.'Study'2:'Affect'Extremity'
''''''''''''''3.'Self-complexity:'cognitive'buffer?'
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II.+Compartmentalization+(Showers+1992,+1996,+1998)+
A.'Compartmentalization'(definition)''
B.'Limit'the'accessibility'of'negative'information'helpful'
C.'Compartmentalization:'Study'1'
D.'Compartmentalization:'Study'2'
E.'Compartmentalization'and'close'relationships'
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III.+Culture+and+the+self+
A.'Cultural'variability'in'social'orientation'(Markus'and'Kitayama,'1991)'
B.'Conceptual'representation'of'the'self'by'culture'(Markus'and'Kitayama,'1991)'
C.'Culture,'memory'and'the'self'(Wager'&'Cohen,'2003)'
D.'Self-reference'effect'
E.'Experience:'culture'and'the'self''
F.'Cultural'learning'(Kitayama'et'al'2014)'
I.'Structure'of'self'knowledge''
A.'Integration'of'self'knowledge'
'1.'Self'concept'clarity'(Campbell'et'al'1996)'
Extent'to'which'self+beliefs+are:+
-clearly+and+confidently+defined+
-internally+consistent+and+stable'
-there'is'a'core+(cf.'Markus’'self'schemata)'
Some'aspects'of'the'self'are'always'going'to'be'present.'
Example:'if'you'know'for'sure'that'you'are'a'good'student'or'an'honest'person.''
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'2.'Self-discrepancies'(Higgins)'
Self-discrepancies'='extent'to'which+ one’s+ actual+ self+ is+ consistent+ with+ “ideal”+ and+
“ought”+standards+of+one’s+own+and+of+others+(e.g.,'mother,'father,'ect.)'
Clarity'and'(lack'of)'discrepancy'is'generally'associated'with'better'outcomes.'
There' are' self' that' we' currently' are' and' self' that' we' want' to' be:' the' discrepancies'
between'them'are'associated'with'better'or'not'outcomes.''
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B.'Differentiation''
Self'representation'differ:'
-#'(number)'of'self-aspects'(attributes,'roles,'relationships,'goals,'ect.)'
-degree'of'differentiation'between'those'aspects''
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'1.'Self'complexity'(Linville,'1985;'1987)'
High'self'complexity'
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=>'David'has'lot'of'self-aspects'that'are'very'differentiated'(there'are'not'linked).''
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Low'self'complexity''
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=>'Larry'has'less'self-aspects,'and'there'are'all'linked'
Example:'he'met'his'wife'at'the'law'school,'she'also'is'a'lawyer,'and'he'volunteered'as'a'
lawyer.'So'all'the'aspects'of'his'personality'are'linked.''
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=>' Self-complexity'depends' on' the+ number+ of+ self-aspects'and' the' way+ they+ are+
differentiated.++
+
-Self-aspects' are' activated+ in+ the+ context+ of+ relevant+ experiences'and' these+
experiences+impact+how+the+self+is+viewed.++
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-Recall:'self-knowledge'is'activated'
Positive'experience:'self'aspects'activated'will'be'associated'with'positive'feelings'
Negative'experience:'self'aspects'activated'associated'with'negative'feelings'
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'2.'Self-complexity'implications'(Linville,'1985,'1987)'
There' are' two' major' implications' ' of' self-complexity' (derived' from' view' of' self' as' an'
“associative'network”'and'activation'potential'of'self'knowledge):'spillover'and'affect+
extremity.++
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' ' a.'“Spillover”'(co-activation'of'related'self'aspects)'
If+ something+ bad+ (or+ good)+ happens+ in+ one+ domain,+ it’s+ more+ likely+ to+ spread+ if+
there’s+lots+of+overlap/lower+complexity.++
+
Example'of'Larry:''
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Larry' has' lower' self-complexity' than' David.' If' he' has' a' problem' at' work' (a' negative'
experience),' it' will' impact' all' the' other' aspect' of' his' personality:' there' is' a' spillover'
effect,'because'of'the'self-aspect'of'his'self'are'very'integrated.''
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Document Summary
Varnum, m. e. w. , et al. , the origin of cultural differences in social orientation. Relationships (being the daughter of a specific person) Goals (living in france, travel the world, be a rock star, having a big family ) There are some aspects of self-knowledge that are chronically activable, depending on how often they are activated (idea of schemata). Today we will focus on the structure of self knowledge, which influences how we thing and how we behave. Plan: structure of self knowledge, integration of self knowledge, differentiation. Compartmentalization (showers 1992, 1996, 1998: compartmentalization (definition, limit the accessibility of negative information helpful, compartmentalization: study 1, compartmentalization: study 2, compartmentalization and close relationships. Some aspects of the self are always going to be present. Example: if you know for sure that you are a good student or an honest person. Self-discrepancies = extent to which one"s actual self is consistent with ideal and.
