PSYC 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Essentialism, Pacifier, Code-Switching
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
!""#$%&'(&")
*#(&#+,%-'%,%.'&%",'.#,&$$'%#(/,0#%#.)&$#0
!
1+%#$,%.2#3,"4&$,56(62.7,-'&.,56(62.7,'$&)'("8,%.'&%"
!
*2%,"6)#%&)#",)&"(#'0&$93,5(6%-&$9,:.#+#.#$5#"7,-6;;&#"7,$'%&<#,('$92'9#
!
=6,;&(&$92'(",4$6>,%-'%,('$92'9#,&",(#'.$#0?,
!
@'.%&5&:'$%"3,AB/#'.B6(0"
C6$6(&$92'("3,":64#,6$(/,!$9(&"-,6.,D.#$5-
!
E&)2(%'$#62",;&(&$92'("3,(#'.$#0,;6%-,('$92'9#",;#+6.#,'9#,F
!
E#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'("3,(#'.$#0,',$#>,('$92'9#,'+%#.,'9#,H
!
@.#0&5%&6$3,"#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'(",>&((,;#,(#"",(&4#(/,%6,;#(&#<#,%-'%,',:#."6$8",
$'%&<#,('$92'9#,&",&$$'%#,
!
!""#$%&'(&"%,%-&$4&$9
C6$6(&$92'(",'$0,"&)2(%'$#62",;&(&$92'("3,:.6)&"5262",#""#$%&'(&"%"
!
E#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'("3,%-&$4&$9,"-&+%#0,%6>'.0",%-#,.6(#,6+,(#'.$&$9
*6%-,-2)'$,('$92'9#,I>-'%,>#,:.#0&5%#0J,;2%,'("6,'$&)'(,<65'(&K'%&6$",
'$0,:-/"&5'(,%.'&%"
○
!
L):(&5'%&6$",+6.,"65&'(,'55#:%'$5#
!""#$%&'(&"%,%-&$4&$9,.#('%#0,%6,"%#.#6%/:#",'$0,:.#M20&5#
○
*&(&$92'(&"),(&$4#0,%6,6:#$B)&$0#0$#"",&$,'02(%-660
○
N'$,#'.(/,"#56$0,('$92'9#,#025'%&6$,;#,2"#0,%6,:.6)6%#,%-#,'55#:%'$5#,
6+,0&<#."&%/?
○
!
D7,D7,D7,O7,D7,D
P-68",*&(&$92'(?
!
Q,:#."6$,>-6,":#'4",RS,('$92'9#",6$,',.#92('.,;'"&"
○
*2%,',;';/,5'$8%,":#'4,"6,;&(&$92'(,;';&#",$##0,',2$&G2#,0#+&$&%&6$,B
;&(&$92'(,;';&#",'.#,%-6"#,>-6,hear RS,('$92'9#",6$,',.#92('.,;'"&",
!
T'$92'9#,#U:6"2.#,2"#0,%6,0#+&$#,8.#92('.,;'"&"8
○
@.6<&0#,G2#"%&6$$'&.#,+6.,:'.#$%",:.6<&0&$9,+.')#>6.4,+6.,.#92('.,0'/,&$,
;';/8",(&+#,
○@#.5#$%'9#,6+,-6>,)25-,%-#,;';/,&",-#'.&$9,('$92'9#",
V6>,)25-,#U:6"2.#,&",#$629-,+6.,',;';/,%6,;#,;&(&$92'(?,
!RAW,)&$&)2),#U:6"2.#,%6,%-#,$6$B06)&$'$%,('$92'9#7,XAW,)'U&)2),
#U:6"2.#,%6,%-#,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,
!O-#.#,&",',0&++#.#$%,&$,.#('%&<#,<"Y,';"6(2%#,#U:6"2.#,;'"#0,6$,-6>,)25-,/62.,
:'.#$%",":#'4,B562(0,;#,5-'%%/,6.,G2&#%,
○P#,5'$,6$(/,)#'"2.#,.#('%&<#,#U:6"2.#,I$6%,';"6(2%#J,
!O-#/,06$8%,4$6>,>-#%-#.,&%",-'.0#.,%6,;#56)#,;&(&$92'(,&+,/628.#,(#'.$&$9,
('$92'9#",%-'%,'.#,"&)&('.,6.,0&++#.#$%,
!1%-#.,+'5%6.",%6,56$"&0#.3
○O.&Z)2(%&(&$92'(&")
○E&)2(%'$#62",<"Y,"#G2#$%&'(,#U:6"2.#
○N6$%#U%",6+,#U:6"2.#,I6$#B:'.#$%B6$#B('$92'9#J
○T'$92'9#,:'&."
○*6%%6),(&$#3,)#'"2.&$9,&$+'$%"8,('$92'9#,#U:6"2.#,&",56):(&5'%#0,
O#"%&$9,T'$92'9#,=&"5.&)&$'%&6$,
!O#"%#0,)6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-,$#>;6.$",I%-#,;';&#",-#'.0,%-#&.,)6%-#.",>-&(#,&$,
%-#,>6);,"6,%-#,('$92'9#",":64#$,'++#5%,>-#%-#.,%-#,;';/,&",)6$6(&$92'(,6.,
;&(&$92'(J
!E#$%#$5#",+.6),6$#,('$92'9#,I!$9(&"-,6.,O'9'(69J,
○!U:#.&)#$%'(,9.62:",I)6$6,'$0,;&(&$92'(J3,"#$%#$5#",+.6),',$#>,
('$92'9#
○N6$%.6(,9.62:3,$#>,"#$%#$5#",+.6),%-#,6(0,('$92'9#,
!O-#,;';/,>62(0,"254,6$,',:'5&+&#.,%6,.#5#&<#,',.#>'.0,I%-#/,%-&$4,-2)'$,<6&5#",
'.#,.#>'.0"J,
!P-#$,-#'.&$9,',$6<#(,('$92'9#,%-#,;&(&$92'(,;';/,&",#U:#5%#0,%6,"254,)6.#,6$,
%-#,:'5&+&#.,;Z5,%-#/,'.#,';(#,%6,0&"5.&)&$'%#,;Z>,('$92'9#"
![#>;6.$",0&"5.&)&$'%#,%-#&.,('$92'9#",B#<#$,>-#$,.-/%-)&5'((/,"&)&('.,
○Bilingual(environments(are(not(confusing
1$#,@#."6$,1$#,T'$92'9#?,
![#%-#.('$0",I[,\,F]^^J3,6$(/,-'(+,6+,:'.#$%",.#:6.%,%-'%,%-#/,'.#,)6$6(&$92'(,'%,
-6)#
!_'$562<#.,I[,\,F]FJ3,`W,2"#,6$#,('$92'9#,6$(/7,F`W,2"#,6$#,('$92'9#,'%,(#'"%,
^aW,6+,%-#,%&)#,
!Bilingual(children(have(bilingual(parents
E:##5-,+.6),*&(&$92'(,@'.#$%"
!*'.5#(6$'3,Z#Z,'$0,Z!Z,
○=&"%&$5%&6$,)'0#,&$,N'%'('$,;2%,$6%,E:'$&"-
!HRW,#..6.,.'%#,&$,E:'$&"-BN'%'('$,;&(&$92'(,)6%-#."
!E:'$&"-BN'%'('$,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%"3,
○E6)#,0&++&52(%/,0&"5.&)&$'%&$9,%-&",0&"%&$5%&6$,
○=#%#5%&$9,&%,&$,)&":.6$62$5#0,>6.0",
V6>,06,&$+'$%",(#'.$,>6.0",+.6),)6$6(&$92'(,<"Y,;&(&$92'(,":#'4#."?,
!@.#<&62","%20&#",6+,&$+'$%,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,"-6>,)&U#0,+&$0&$9",
○Q,;&(&$92'(,0&"'0<'$%'9#
○Q,;&(&$92'(,'0<'$%'9#Z+(#U&;&(&%/
!E%20&#",2"#0,"%&)2(&,:.6025#0,;/,0&++#.#$%,%/:#",6+,":#'4#.",I)6$6(&$92'(,<"Y,
;&(&$92'(J
!N6$5(2"&6$"3
○L$+'$%",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),":#'4#.",>-6,)'%5-,%-#&.,('$92'9#B(#'.$&$9,
#$<&.6$)#$%",&#Y,*&(&$92'(",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),;&(&$92'(",
O-#,E>&%5-,@.65#02.#
!V';&%2'%&6$,:-'"#
○N6$$#5%,.'$06),>6.0",>Z,.'$06),6;M#5%"
!O#"%,:-'"#,
!@'.%&5&:'$%",I&$+'$%J3,)6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-7,;&(&$92'(,!$9(&"-ZD.#$5-
!E%&)2(&,I'((,&$,!$9(&"-J3,":#'4#.,+.6),C6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-,;'549.62$07,":#'4#.,
+.6),;&(&$92'(,!$9(&"-ZD.#$5-,;'549.62$0,
!N6$5(2"&6$"
○L$+'$%",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),":#'4#.",>-6,)'%5-,%-#&.,('$92'9#B(#'.$&$9,
#$<&.6$)#$%"
○O-#/,'.#,'0':%#0,%6,>-'%,%-#/,-#'.,%-#,)6"%
○*2%,%-&",)'4#",(&+#,-'.0,+6.,.#"#'.5-#."
!E6)#%&)#",'$,&0#$%&5'(,#U:#.&)#$%,+6.,)6$6(&$92'(",'$0,;&(&$92'(",
&",$6%,&0#$%&5'(,+.6),%-#,&$+'$%"8,@1_,
T'$92'9#,C&U&$9
!*6..6>&$9,
!N60#,">&%5-&$9
!1$#,"#$%#$5#,6$#,('$92'9#
C#'"2.&$9,T'$92'9#,C&U&$9
!T'$92'9#,C&U&$9,E5'(#,
!C6.#,)&U&$9,BBb,(6>#.,<65';2('./,
○F,:6&$%,&$5.#'"#,&$,)&U&$9,(#'0",%6,RY`,>6.0,")'((#.,<65';,
V6>,.6;2"%,&",%-&",.#('%&6$"-&:?,BBb,$6%,<#./
!T'$92'9#,C&U&$9,E5'(#,56..#('%#",>Z,"6)#,%/:#",6+,:'.#$%'(,('$92'9#,)&U&$9,&$,
%-#,(';
!*2%,0&0,$6%,56..#('%#,>Z,<65';,"&K#,&$,E:'$&"-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'("
!N6..#('%&6$,<"Y,5'2"'%&6$,
Q,@.65#""&$9,N6"%,+6.,N60#,E>&%5-&$9
!Q02(%",BBb,56):.#-#$"&6$7,.#'0&$97,:.6025%&6$,
EOc=d,
L$+'$%,@'.%&5&:'$%"
!R`,D.#$5-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%"
!Q9#3,Ra,)6$%-"
!!U:6"2.#3,06)&$'$%,ITFJ,'$0,$6$B06)&$'$%,ITRJ,('$92'9#,)#'"2.#0,<&',
#U:6"2.#
!C&$&)2),RAW,#'5-,('$92'9#,
Q02(%,@'.%&5&:'$%"
!R`,D.#$5-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'(,2$0#.9.'0"
!*#9'$,'5G2&.&$9,;6%-,('$92'9#",;Z>,;&.%-,'$0,'9#,e
!E#(+B.#:6.%#0,56):.#-#$"&6$,:.6+&5&#$5/,]ZFa,'$0,';6<#,6$,;6%-,('$92'9#",
!E#(+B.#:6.%#0,%-#&.,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,ITRJ3,FX,!$9(&"-7,`,D.#$5-7,H,*'('$5#0
!T&<&$9,&$,C6$%.#'(
E')#B('$92'9#,%.&'(",'$0,N60#B">&%5-#0,%.&'(",
T664&$9,)#'"2.#0,<&',#/#%.'54#.
!@.6:6.%&6$,(664&$9,%&)#,%6,%'.9#%,`aaBRaaa)",'+%#.,%-#,6$"#%,6+,%-#,%'.9#%,
>6.0
!E>&%5-,56"%",0#%#.)&$#0,&$,;6%-,&$+'$%",'$0,'02(%",I;6%-,9.62:",(664#0,'%,
56..#5%,6;M#5%,+6.,',(6$9#.,:#.&60,6+,%&)#,>-#$,&$,%-#,"')#,('$92'9#,%.&'(",%-'$,
%-#,">&%5-,('$92'9#,%.&'("J
○E>&%5-,56"%,.#025#0,6.,#(&)&$'%#0,>-#$,%-#,">&%5-,>'",+.6),%-#,
$6$06)&$'$%,%6,%-#,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,,
T664,&$%6,)/,#/#"3,:2:&(,0&('%&6$
!@2:&(,0&('%&6$,&",'$,&$0#U,6+,569$&%&<#,(6'0,&$,'02(%"
!L$+'$%",'$0,'02(%","-6>,"&9$&+&5'$%(/,)6.#,:2:&(,0&('%&6$,02.&$9,">&%5-#0,
('$92'9#,%.&'(",B)6.#,'::'.#$%(/,02.&$9,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,;(654",ITFBTR,
">&%5-J,%-'$,$6$06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,;(654",ITRBTF,">&%5-J
!O-#"#,">&%5-,56"%",'.&"#,;Z5,bilinguals(implicitly(monitor(and(control(the(
language(currently(being(spoken(by(inhibiting(the(unintended(language(or(
enhancing(activation(of(the(intended(language(
○!<&0#$5#,+6.,'0<'$5#0,('$92'9#,56$%.6(,&$,;&(&$92'(",
L):(&5'%&6$"
!@.65#""&$9,56"%,+6.,('$92'9#,">&%5-&$9
○E&)&('.&%&#",;Z>,&$+'$%",'$0,'02(%"
○E(6>B06>$7,:2:&(,0&('%&6$
!*2%,%-#,+(&:"&0#
○O-#,0#<#(6:&$9,('$92'9#,"/"%#),$6%&5#",%-#,('$92'9#,6+,',>6.0
○!<&0#$5#,+6.,('$92'9#,56$%.6(,
N6$5(2"&6$"3,*&(&$92'(,!$<&.6$)#$%",
!L%",-'.0,%6,)#'"2.#,'$0,0#+&$#,;&(&$92'(&"),&$,&$+'$5/
○!":#5&'((/,9&<#$,9.6>&$9,:6"&%&<#,'%%&%20#",%6>'.0",#'.(/,;&(&$92'(&")
!*&(&$92'(,#$<&.6$)#$%"
○Q.#,-&9-(/,<'.&';(#
○Q.#,$6%,2"2'((/,6$#B:#."6$B6$#,('$92'9#
○L$5(20#,('$92'9#,)&U&$9
○E2::6.%,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,&$,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%",
!Q.#,$6%,56$+2"#07,6<#.>-#()#0,6.,0#('/#0
!*6.$,.#'0/,%6,9.6>,2:,;&(&$92'(,6.,)6$6(&$92'(
○*2%,'%,%&)#",%'4#,',2$&G2#,:'%-,&$,('$92'9#,'5G2&"&%&6$
!E(6>#.,:.65#""&$9,+6.,('$92'9#,">&%5-&$9
○f2"%,(&4#,'02(%"
○C'/,)'4#,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,5-'((#$9&$9,I)6.#,"%20&#",2$0#.>'/J
○Q,-'(()'.4,6+,'$,#++&5&#$%,;&(&$92'(,"/"%#),
*&(&$92'(&"),0#('/",('$92'9#,'5G2&"&%&6$,BDQTE!,
L%,&",;#%%#.,&+,#'5-,:'.#$%,":#'4",',0&++#.#$%,('$92'9#,%6,%-#,5-&(0,BDQTE!,
T'$92'9#,0&"6.0#.",'.#,)6.#,56))6$,')6$9,;&(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,BDQTE!,
*&(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,"-6>,569$&%&<#,'0<'$%'9#",.#('%#0,%6,)6$6(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,BOgc!,
*&(&$92'(&"),&",%-#,6$(/,>'/,%6,'5-&#<#,%-#"#,569$&%&<#,'0<'$%'9#",BDQTE!,I)2"&5,'("6,
5'$J
T'$92'9#,)&U&$9,;/,5-&(0.#$,&",',"&9$,6+,',:.6;(#),BDQTE!,
Lecture'3:'Bilingual'Development'in'Infancy
P#0$#"0'/7, D#;.2'./,X7,RaF]
H3H^,@C
!""#$%&'(&")
*#(&#+,%-'%,%.'&%",'.#,&$$'%#(/,0#%#.)&$#0
!
1+%#$,%.2#3,"4&$,56(62.7,-'&.,56(62.7,'$&)'("8,%.'&%"
!
*2%,"6)#%&)#",)&"(#'0&$93,5(6%-&$9,:.#+#.#$5#"7,-6;;&#"7,$'%&<#,('$92'9#
!
=6,;&(&$92'(",4$6>,%-'%,('$92'9#,&",(#'.$#0?,
!
@'.%&5&:'$%"3,AB/#'.B6(0"
C6$6(&$92'("3,":64#,6$(/,!$9(&"-,6.,D.#$5-
!
E&)2(%'$#62",;&(&$92'("3,(#'.$#0,;6%-,('$92'9#",;#+6.#,'9#,F
!
E#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'("3,(#'.$#0,',$#>,('$92'9#,'+%#.,'9#,H
!
@.#0&5%&6$3,"#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'(",>&((,;#,(#"",(&4#(/,%6,;#(&#<#,%-'%,',:#."6$8",
$'%&<#,('$92'9#,&",&$$'%#,
!
!""#$%&'(&"%,%-&$4&$9
C6$6(&$92'(",'$0,"&)2(%'$#62",;&(&$92'("3,:.6)&"5262",#""#$%&'(&"%"
!
E#G2#$%&'(,;&(&$92'("3,%-&$4&$9,"-&+%#0,%6>'.0",%-#,.6(#,6+,(#'.$&$9
*6%-,-2)'$,('$92'9#,I>-'%,>#,:.#0&5%#0J,;2%,'("6,'$&)'(,<65'(&K'%&6$",
'$0,:-/"&5'(,%.'&%"
○
!
L):(&5'%&6$",+6.,"65&'(,'55#:%'$5#
!""#$%&'(&"%,%-&$4&$9,.#('%#0,%6,"%#.#6%/:#",'$0,:.#M20&5#
○
*&(&$92'(&"),(&$4#0,%6,6:#$B)&$0#0$#"",&$,'02(%-660
○
N'$,#'.(/,"#56$0,('$92'9#,#025'%&6$,;#,2"#0,%6,:.6)6%#,%-#,'55#:%'$5#,
6+,0&<#."&%/?
○
!
D7,D7,D7,O7,D7,D
P-68",*&(&$92'(?
!Q,:#."6$,>-6,":#'4",RS,('$92'9#",6$,',.#92('.,;'"&"
○*2%,',;';/,5'$8%,":#'4,"6,;&(&$92'(,;';&#",$##0,',2$&G2#,0#+&$&%&6$,B
;&(&$92'(,;';&#",'.#,%-6"#,>-6,hear RS,('$92'9#",6$,',.#92('.,;'"&",
!T'$92'9#,#U:6"2.#,2"#0,%6,0#+&$#,8.#92('.,;'"&"8
○
@.6<&0#,G2#"%&6$$'&.#,+6.,:'.#$%",:.6<&0&$9,+.')#>6.4,+6.,.#92('.,0'/,&$,
;';/8",(&+#,
○
@#.5#$%'9#,6+,-6>,)25-,%-#,;';/,&",-#'.&$9,('$92'9#",
V6>,)25-,#U:6"2.#,&",#$629-,+6.,',;';/,%6,;#,;&(&$92'(?,
!
RAW,)&$&)2),#U:6"2.#,%6,%-#,$6$B06)&$'$%,('$92'9#7,XAW,)'U&)2),
#U:6"2.#,%6,%-#,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,
!
O-#.#,&",',0&++#.#$%,&$,.#('%&<#,<"Y,';"6(2%#,#U:6"2.#,;'"#0,6$,-6>,)25-,/62.,
:'.#$%",":#'4,B562(0,;#,5-'%%/,6.,G2&#%,
○
P#,5'$,6$(/,)#'"2.#,.#('%&<#,#U:6"2.#,I$6%,';"6(2%#J,
!
O-#/,06$8%,4$6>,>-#%-#.,&%",-'.0#.,%6,;#56)#,;&(&$92'(,&+,/628.#,(#'.$&$9,
('$92'9#",%-'%,'.#,"&)&('.,6.,0&++#.#$%,
!
1%-#.,+'5%6.",%6,56$"&0#.3
○
O.&Z)2(%&(&$92'(&")
○
E&)2(%'$#62",<"Y,"#G2#$%&'(,#U:6"2.#
○
N6$%#U%",6+,#U:6"2.#,I6$#B:'.#$%B6$#B('$92'9#J
○
T'$92'9#,:'&."
○
*6%%6),(&$#3,)#'"2.&$9,&$+'$%"8,('$92'9#,#U:6"2.#,&",56):(&5'%#0,
O#"%&$9,T'$92'9#,=&"5.&)&$'%&6$,
!
O#"%#0,)6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-,$#>;6.$",I%-#,;';&#",-#'.0,%-#&.,)6%-#.",>-&(#,&$,
%-#,>6);,"6,%-#,('$92'9#",":64#$,'++#5%,>-#%-#.,%-#,;';/,&",)6$6(&$92'(,6.,
;&(&$92'(J
!
E#$%#$5#",+.6),6$#,('$92'9#,I!$9(&"-,6.,O'9'(69J,
○
!U:#.&)#$%'(,9.62:",I)6$6,'$0,;&(&$92'(J3,"#$%#$5#",+.6),',$#>,
('$92'9#
○
N6$%.6(,9.62:3,$#>,"#$%#$5#",+.6),%-#,6(0,('$92'9#,
!
O-#,;';/,>62(0,"254,6$,',:'5&+&#.,%6,.#5#&<#,',.#>'.0,I%-#/,%-&$4,-2)'$,<6&5#",
'.#,.#>'.0"J,
!
P-#$,-#'.&$9,',$6<#(,('$92'9#,%-#,;&(&$92'(,;';/,&",#U:#5%#0,%6,"254,)6.#,6$,
%-#,:'5&+&#.,;Z5,%-#/,'.#,';(#,%6,0&"5.&)&$'%#,;Z>,('$92'9#"
!
[#>;6.$",0&"5.&)&$'%#,%-#&.,('$92'9#",B#<#$,>-#$,.-/%-)&5'((/,"&)&('.,
○
Bilingual(environments(are(not(confusing
1$#,@#."6$,1$#,T'$92'9#?,
!
[#%-#.('$0",I[,\,F]^^J3,6$(/,-'(+,6+,:'.#$%",.#:6.%,%-'%,%-#/,'.#,)6$6(&$92'(,'%,
-6)#
!
_'$562<#.,I[,\,F]FJ3,`W,2"#,6$#,('$92'9#,6$(/7,F`W,2"#,6$#,('$92'9#,'%,(#'"%,
^aW,6+,%-#,%&)#,
!
Bilingual(children(have(bilingual(parents
E:##5-,+.6),*&(&$92'(,@'.#$%"
!*'.5#(6$'3,Z#Z,'$0,Z!Z,
○=&"%&$5%&6$,)'0#,&$,N'%'('$,;2%,$6%,E:'$&"-
!HRW,#..6.,.'%#,&$,E:'$&"-BN'%'('$,;&(&$92'(,)6%-#."
!E:'$&"-BN'%'('$,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%"3,
○E6)#,0&++&52(%/,0&"5.&)&$'%&$9,%-&",0&"%&$5%&6$,
○=#%#5%&$9,&%,&$,)&":.6$62$5#0,>6.0",
V6>,06,&$+'$%",(#'.$,>6.0",+.6),)6$6(&$92'(,<"Y,;&(&$92'(,":#'4#."?,
!@.#<&62","%20&#",6+,&$+'$%,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,"-6>,)&U#0,+&$0&$9",
○Q,;&(&$92'(,0&"'0<'$%'9#
○Q,;&(&$92'(,'0<'$%'9#Z+(#U&;&(&%/
!E%20&#",2"#0,"%&)2(&,:.6025#0,;/,0&++#.#$%,%/:#",6+,":#'4#.",I)6$6(&$92'(,<"Y,
;&(&$92'(J
!N6$5(2"&6$"3
○L$+'$%",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),":#'4#.",>-6,)'%5-,%-#&.,('$92'9#B(#'.$&$9,
#$<&.6$)#$%",&#Y,*&(&$92'(",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),;&(&$92'(",
O-#,E>&%5-,@.65#02.#
!V';&%2'%&6$,:-'"#
○N6$$#5%,.'$06),>6.0",>Z,.'$06),6;M#5%"
!O#"%,:-'"#,
!@'.%&5&:'$%",I&$+'$%J3,)6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-7,;&(&$92'(,!$9(&"-ZD.#$5-
!E%&)2(&,I'((,&$,!$9(&"-J3,":#'4#.,+.6),C6$6(&$92'(,!$9(&"-,;'549.62$07,":#'4#.,
+.6),;&(&$92'(,!$9(&"-ZD.#$5-,;'549.62$0,
!N6$5(2"&6$"
○L$+'$%",(#'.$,;#"%,+.6),":#'4#.",>-6,)'%5-,%-#&.,('$92'9#B(#'.$&$9,
#$<&.6$)#$%"
○O-#/,'.#,'0':%#0,%6,>-'%,%-#/,-#'.,%-#,)6"%
○*2%,%-&",)'4#",(&+#,-'.0,+6.,.#"#'.5-#."
!E6)#%&)#",'$,&0#$%&5'(,#U:#.&)#$%,+6.,)6$6(&$92'(",'$0,;&(&$92'(",
&",$6%,&0#$%&5'(,+.6),%-#,&$+'$%"8,@1_,
T'$92'9#,C&U&$9
!*6..6>&$9,
!N60#,">&%5-&$9
!1$#,"#$%#$5#,6$#,('$92'9#
C#'"2.&$9,T'$92'9#,C&U&$9
!T'$92'9#,C&U&$9,E5'(#,
!C6.#,)&U&$9,BBb,(6>#.,<65';2('./,
○F,:6&$%,&$5.#'"#,&$,)&U&$9,(#'0",%6,RY`,>6.0,")'((#.,<65';,
V6>,.6;2"%,&",%-&",.#('%&6$"-&:?,BBb,$6%,<#./
!T'$92'9#,C&U&$9,E5'(#,56..#('%#",>Z,"6)#,%/:#",6+,:'.#$%'(,('$92'9#,)&U&$9,&$,
%-#,(';
!*2%,0&0,$6%,56..#('%#,>Z,<65';,"&K#,&$,E:'$&"-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'("
!N6..#('%&6$,<"Y,5'2"'%&6$,
Q,@.65#""&$9,N6"%,+6.,N60#,E>&%5-&$9
!Q02(%",BBb,56):.#-#$"&6$7,.#'0&$97,:.6025%&6$,
EOc=d,
L$+'$%,@'.%&5&:'$%"
!R`,D.#$5-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%"
!Q9#3,Ra,)6$%-"
!!U:6"2.#3,06)&$'$%,ITFJ,'$0,$6$B06)&$'$%,ITRJ,('$92'9#,)#'"2.#0,<&',
#U:6"2.#
!C&$&)2),RAW,#'5-,('$92'9#,
Q02(%,@'.%&5&:'$%"
!R`,D.#$5-B!$9(&"-,;&(&$92'(,2$0#.9.'0"
!*#9'$,'5G2&.&$9,;6%-,('$92'9#",;Z>,;&.%-,'$0,'9#,e
!E#(+B.#:6.%#0,56):.#-#$"&6$,:.6+&5&#$5/,]ZFa,'$0,';6<#,6$,;6%-,('$92'9#",
!E#(+B.#:6.%#0,%-#&.,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,ITRJ3,FX,!$9(&"-7,`,D.#$5-7,H,*'('$5#0
!T&<&$9,&$,C6$%.#'(
E')#B('$92'9#,%.&'(",'$0,N60#B">&%5-#0,%.&'(",
T664&$9,)#'"2.#0,<&',#/#%.'54#.
!@.6:6.%&6$,(664&$9,%&)#,%6,%'.9#%,`aaBRaaa)",'+%#.,%-#,6$"#%,6+,%-#,%'.9#%,
>6.0
!E>&%5-,56"%",0#%#.)&$#0,&$,;6%-,&$+'$%",'$0,'02(%",I;6%-,9.62:",(664#0,'%,
56..#5%,6;M#5%,+6.,',(6$9#.,:#.&60,6+,%&)#,>-#$,&$,%-#,"')#,('$92'9#,%.&'(",%-'$,
%-#,">&%5-,('$92'9#,%.&'("J
○E>&%5-,56"%,.#025#0,6.,#(&)&$'%#0,>-#$,%-#,">&%5-,>'",+.6),%-#,
$6$06)&$'$%,%6,%-#,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,,
T664,&$%6,)/,#/#"3,:2:&(,0&('%&6$
!@2:&(,0&('%&6$,&",'$,&$0#U,6+,569$&%&<#,(6'0,&$,'02(%"
!L$+'$%",'$0,'02(%","-6>,"&9$&+&5'$%(/,)6.#,:2:&(,0&('%&6$,02.&$9,">&%5-#0,
('$92'9#,%.&'(",B)6.#,'::'.#$%(/,02.&$9,06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,;(654",ITFBTR,
">&%5-J,%-'$,$6$06)&$'$%,('$92'9#,;(654",ITRBTF,">&%5-J
!O-#"#,">&%5-,56"%",'.&"#,;Z5,bilinguals(implicitly(monitor(and(control(the(
language(currently(being(spoken(by(inhibiting(the(unintended(language(or(
enhancing(activation(of(the(intended(language(
○!<&0#$5#,+6.,'0<'$5#0,('$92'9#,56$%.6(,&$,;&(&$92'(",
L):(&5'%&6$"
!@.65#""&$9,56"%,+6.,('$92'9#,">&%5-&$9
○E&)&('.&%&#",;Z>,&$+'$%",'$0,'02(%"
○E(6>B06>$7,:2:&(,0&('%&6$
!*2%,%-#,+(&:"&0#
○O-#,0#<#(6:&$9,('$92'9#,"/"%#),$6%&5#",%-#,('$92'9#,6+,',>6.0
○!<&0#$5#,+6.,('$92'9#,56$%.6(,
N6$5(2"&6$"3,*&(&$92'(,!$<&.6$)#$%",
!L%",-'.0,%6,)#'"2.#,'$0,0#+&$#,;&(&$92'(&"),&$,&$+'$5/
○!":#5&'((/,9&<#$,9.6>&$9,:6"&%&<#,'%%&%20#",%6>'.0",#'.(/,;&(&$92'(&")
!*&(&$92'(,#$<&.6$)#$%"
○Q.#,-&9-(/,<'.&';(#
○Q.#,$6%,2"2'((/,6$#B:#."6$B6$#,('$92'9#
○L$5(20#,('$92'9#,)&U&$9
○E2::6.%,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,&$,;&(&$92'(,&$+'$%",
!Q.#,$6%,56$+2"#07,6<#.>-#()#0,6.,0#('/#0
!*6.$,.#'0/,%6,9.6>,2:,;&(&$92'(,6.,)6$6(&$92'(
○*2%,'%,%&)#",%'4#,',2$&G2#,:'%-,&$,('$92'9#,'5G2&"&%&6$
!E(6>#.,:.65#""&$9,+6.,('$92'9#,">&%5-&$9
○f2"%,(&4#,'02(%"
○C'/,)'4#,>6.0,(#'.$&$9,5-'((#$9&$9,I)6.#,"%20&#",2$0#.>'/J
○Q,-'(()'.4,6+,'$,#++&5&#$%,;&(&$92'(,"/"%#),
*&(&$92'(&"),0#('/",('$92'9#,'5G2&"&%&6$,BDQTE!,
L%,&",;#%%#.,&+,#'5-,:'.#$%,":#'4",',0&++#.#$%,('$92'9#,%6,%-#,5-&(0,BDQTE!,
T'$92'9#,0&"6.0#.",'.#,)6.#,56))6$,')6$9,;&(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,BDQTE!,
*&(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,"-6>,569$&%&<#,'0<'$%'9#",.#('%#0,%6,)6$6(&$92'(,5-&(0.#$,BOgc!,
*&(&$92'(&"),&",%-#,6$(/,>'/,%6,'5-&#<#,%-#"#,569$&%&<#,'0<'$%'9#",BDQTE!,I)2"&5,'("6,
5'$J
T'$92'9#,)&U&$9,;/,5-&(0.#$,&",',"&9$,6+,',:.6;(#),BDQTE!,
Lecture'3:'Bilingual'Development'in'Infancy
P#0$#"0'/7, D#;.2'./,X7,RaF] H3H^,@C
