PSYC 310 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: White Matter, Gluttony, Block Design
7 May 2018
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PSYC 310: Intelligence
What does IQ mean?
- IQ is a soe i a test. Its a easueet.
- We used etal age efoe ot aoe.
- Your score vs. mean from population.
o Depedig o the ea fo populatio, oull get a diffeet soe. Its a easue
of dispersion.
Measure of dispersion:
- The link with intelligence?
o See how x individual positions with regards to the mean.
▪ Different groups do not have the same dispersion of scores.
▪ We need the standard deviation of the population to interpret the raw
score.
• If I a i oe stadad deiatio of the ea, Im in average.
• For the IQ, the mean is set at a 100 and the standard deviation is set
at 15. These values are arbitrary.
IQ is a easue of ou distae to the ea, i stadad deiatio. Its a idiator of where you
are, compared to people of your age. Its a easue of ou distae s. the epeted soe the
expected score is the mean of people of your age).
There are many IQ tests. But these two are the most used:
• The Wechsler Tests
o WAIS – Weschler Adult Intelligence Scales
o WISC – Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children
Developers chose a wide range of scales to avoid confounding effect (e.g. language).
What would you include in such tests?
Presentation by Dr. Desormeaux: information about WAIS-IV test, why assess intelligence
Why do we use WAIS-IV test:
- Measures cognitive potential or neurological dysfunction,
- To make educational or vocational placements decisions
- To develop interventions for educational or vocational settings,
- Differential diagnosis: intellectual disability vs. specific learning disorder.
Foundations of the WAIS-IV
Wechsler defined intelligence as a global entity that is composed of qualitatively different abilities,
these specific abilities included cognitive abilities, and other non-intellectual abilities such as drive,
persistence, temperament, curiosity and personality.
The WAIS-IV makes it now possible to assess:
• Fluid reasoning, the ability to process/manipulate abstraction, rules and logical
relationships.
• Working Memory, the ability to actively maintain information, perform or manipulate it and
produce a result.
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• Poessig speed, ailit to poess ifoatio apidl, hih is elated to oes ailit to
perform higher order cognitive task.
Working memory: short-term (recent) memory. Working memory is a system for temporarily
storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as
learning, reasoning, and comprehension.
The WAIS-III was looking at verbal and non-verbal IQs and was comparing them.
The WAIS-IV is more complicated than the WAIS-III.
• It is composed of 4 indexes and a global IQ score.
• The 4 indexes are:
1. Verbal Comprehension (VCI)
2. Perceptual reasoning (PRI)
3. Working Memory (VMI)
4. Processing Speed (PCI)
1. Verbal Comprehension Index:
- Composed of four sub-tests; similarities, vocabulary, information, and comprehension
(optional).
- Measues oes ailit to opehed eal stiuli, easo ith seati ateial ad
communicate thoughts and ideas with words.
- Vocabulary and information subtests are related to crystalized knowledge (which is defined
as the depth of a pesos auied koledge of a ultue ad the effetie appliatio of
this knowledge).
- Similarities and Comprehension are more fluid task because they involve direct reasoning
with crystalized words.
- If the client gets 0 point three times in a row, we move on the next subtest.
a. Verbal Comprehension subtests:
o Similarities ask in what ways two things are alike, for example, a hammer and a
screwdriver, or avarice and gluttony.
▪ Assesses verbal and abstract reasoning, categorical and associative thinking
ad oes ailit to sepaate essetial details fo oessetial oes.
o Vocabulary asks for definitions of the meaning of words, such as interrupt,
ambivalent or sonorous.
▪ Assesses lexical knowledge crystallized intelligence.
o Information is a general knowledge quiz, with a careful mixture of questions
covering science, religion, politics, geography, literature, etc.
▪ Assesses crystallized intelligence, verbal comprehension and verbal
expression.
o Comprehension asks the meaning of various sayings or proverbs, or what is the
appopiate thig to do i etai situatios, o suh good-itize uestios as: h
is it important to vote in a general election?
▪ Assesses conceptualization and verbal reasoning, social judgment/knowledge
of social rules and crystallized intelligence.
2. Perceptual Reasoning Index
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find more resources at oneclass.com
- Is composed of four subtests; Bloc Design, Matrix Reasoning, Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights
(optional) and Picture Completion (optional).
- Measure fluid reasoning, as well as perceptual organizational skills.
- Matrix Reasoning and Figure Weights are more related to fluid reasoning.
- Bloc Design and Visual Puzzles are more related to perceptual organisational skills.
a. Perceptual Reasoning subtests
o Block design gives you nine coloured cubes, each with two red, two white, and two
diagonally red and white faces. Your task is to arrange them so as to form certain
patterns, and bonus points are earned for rapid answers.
▪ Assesses perceptual organization and visuo-contructional skills.
o Matrix reasoning: each item shows a 3x3 matrix of patterns, with the last pattern
missing; your task is to select, from a number of alternatives on offer, the pattern
that est opletes the ati. It is siila to ‘aes.
▪ Assesses nonverbal conceptualization and reasoning skills.
o Visual Puzzles: a completed puzzle is shown, and you must choose the response
options that can be combined to form the puzzle.
▪ Assesses analysis and synthesis of abstract visual information and perceptual
skills.
o Figure Weights: you must select the missing weights required to balance a scale.
▪ Assesses reasoning express mathematically, analogical and quantitative
reasoning and working memory.
o Picture completion shows line drawings of more or less familiar objects or scenes,
from which one important part is missing – exactly as in the Army Beta test.
3. Working Memory Index
- Is composed of three subtests; Digit Span, Arithmetic and Letter-Number sequencing
(optional).
- Measure attention, concentration and working memory.
- What is working memory:
o Ailit to hold ifoatio i oes id tepoail hile pefoig soe
operation or manipulation with information, or engaging in an interfering task, and
then accurately reproducing the updated information or correctly acting on it.
a. Working Memory subtests
o Digit span requires you to repeat a series of digit, e.g. 7, 1, 6, 9, 3, read out by the
examiner. In a second, harder part of the test, the task is to repeat the series in
reverse order; thus 2, 8, 5, 4 would become 4, 5, 8, 2.
▪ Assesses auditory attention and verbal working memory.
o Arithmetic sets problems in mental arithmetic: if two men dig a hole in one and a
half hours, how long would it take six men to the same hole?
▪ Assesses mathematical skills and working memory
o Letter-number sequencing: the examiner reads out an alternating sequence of
numbers and letters, e.g. 7, X, 4, M; your task is to repeat them, but putting the
numbers first in ascending order, and the letters next, in alphabetical order, thus: 4,
7, M, X.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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