PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Optical Illusion, Binding Problem, Operant Conditioning Chamber
Lecture 7
Thursday, May 11, 2017
1:27 PM
Perception & Learning
Selective Attention
• Inattention-al blindness
• Different from subliminal perception
• Beyond threshold for detecting
• Our visual perception is so different from sensory perception
Point - why do we fall prey to issues
Signal Detection
• Looking for things to change our act
• Looking for things to react to
• "few failures are as unforgiving as failure to avoid a predator." Being killed greatly
decreases future fitness."
• We cannot be consistently running away from threats
• Need to detect them and understand when there are none
Signal Detection Theory (SDT)
• A model & a data analysis method for decision problems with uncertainty such as noise
• How do you make decisions about reacting to our surroundings?
o This theory gives an explanation
o Bases our decisions on what is true or false
Reality (present)
Reality (absent)
Decision Present
Hit
True positive
False alarm
False positive/ type 1 error
Decision Absent
Miss
False negative/ type 2 error
Correct rejection
True negative
• Example - diagnosing a patient with a sickness,
o You can diagnose someone without a disease
o You can diagnose someone with a disease
o You can say someone is not sick
o You can say someone is sick when they aren't
• If one type is best to be avoided
o False negative is best to be avoided, you didn't diagnose them properly
• By decreasing false negative, we are increasing sensitivity
• By decreasing false positive we are increasing specificity
Parallel Processing
Extrinsic environmental conditions ---> response/decision <--- intrinsic neuronal and cognitive
processes
• Bottom up - analysis that begins with sensation
• Top down - analysis that is guided by the brain and draws on experience and expectations
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