POLI 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Aung San Suu Kyi, Michelle Bachelet, Notoav
17 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Democratic Transitions
1988 – Plebiscite in Chile
• Army called a referendum for Chilean citizens to see if Pinochet should remain in power
• If not, the army would step aside and hold elections for a civilian leader
• NO wins, 55.99% to 44.01%
o It may seem as though it should have a natural outcome
o However, when you live in a military dictatorship, you kind of live in a bubble
and never hear any criticism
o So this outcome surprised the dictoator Pinochet
• NO campaign slogan:
o Joy is coming
o Before voting day on October 5th, 1988 the NO coalition led a massive grassroots
effort to register 92% of the electorate
• Who sided with whom?
o According to M. Arriagada, pro-deoray atiist: Piohet had the support of
all the army and the support of the business community. We had the students,
we had human rights, we had well-structured political parties, and we had the
people i the streets i order
• Transition and Compromise
o Chilean military officers remained immune from prosecution
o Pinochet still chief of Armies, 1990 – 98
o Pinochet arrested in London in 2000 for crimes against humanity
• President Michelle Bachelet
o 2006-10, 2014-17
o She was a pro-deoray atiist durig Piohet’s tie
Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma
• 1988 – Founded and led the National League for democracy
• 1990 – Won elections held by the military regime, with 59% of the vote, military
annulled the results and cracked down
• 1989 – 2010 – Suu Kyi placed under house arrest for her pro-democracy activism
• 1991 – Suu Kyi awarded the nobel peace prize
o Militaries cancel the elections when they do’t like the results – it happens
o The people do not have the means to resist the military
• From House Arrest to Power
o After her release in 2010, NLD became active in Burmese politics
o Burmese army maintains a grip on power, but put a minority of seats in the
legislature up for election. Suu Kyi became opposition leader and parliament
member
o 2012 – 2016: Opposition leader with military in power
o 2016 – Elected state councillor
o Critiized for her silee o ilitary’s perseutio of iority Rohigya Muslis
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Document Summary
1988 plebiscite in chile: army called a referendum for chilean citizens to see if pinochet should remain in power, no wins, 55. 99% to 44. 01% If not, the army would step aside and hold elections for a civilian leader. Suu kyi became opposition leader and parliament member: 2012 2016: opposition leader with military in power, 2016 elected state councillor, criti(cid:272)ized for her sile(cid:374)(cid:272)e o(cid:374) (cid:373)ilitary"s perse(cid:272)utio(cid:374) of (cid:373)i(cid:374)ority rohi(cid:374)gya musli(cid:373)s. (cid:272)holars, poli(cid:272)y(cid:373)akers ha(cid:448)e assu(cid:373)ed that (cid:862)de(cid:373)o(cid:272)ra(cid:272)ies (cid:449)ith adje(cid:272)ti(cid:448)es(cid:863) are o(cid:374) a li(cid:374)ear path towards democracy. Instead, they remain in a gray zone, not fully authoritarian, not fully democratic. Whither democratization: feckless pluralism: regular elections and political freedom, but low public participation, The (cid:862)gray zone(cid:863: democratic transitions may not be linear and are very slow, they may not be in transition, but in a category of their own, elections may not deepen democratic participation and accountability.
