PHGY 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Metabolism, Gluconeogenesis, Hyperlipidemia
28 Nov 2015
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Document Summary
Calcium ion plays a key role in many fundamental biological processes. Important in normal blood clotting: essential structural component of the skeleton, with na+ and k+ helps maintain transmembrane potential of cells. Concentration in cellular and extracellular fluid 10mg/100ml. In circulation 50% free, 50% bound to albumin: about 99% of the body"s calcium is in bone, and a part of this calcium is quite loosely bound, bone thus serves as a calcium reservoir. Hormonal control: maintenance of plasma calcium is achieved mainly by exchange between bone and plasma under influence of hormones, hormones also affect intestinal absorption of calcium and excretion by kidneys. Three hormones in particular are of importance: parathyroid hormone (pth): protein and is produced by parathyroid glands. Increases circulating levels of ca+: calcitonin: protein is produced by the parafollicular or c cells of the thyroid gland. Lowers the circulating levels of ca+: vitamin d: increases the circulating levels of ca++
