PHGY 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Gigantism, Peptide Hormone, Anterior Pituitary
Document Summary
Results when the b-cells are destroyed, will lead to diabetes mellitus - most tissues cannot take up glucose efficiently, glucose accumulates in circulation. Occurs even if no glucose in diet because of increased gluconeogenesis (e. g. protein breakdown to amino acids and synthesis of glucose). Under these conditions free fatty acids (ffa), becomes the principal source of energy increased lipolysis. However, fat inefficiently used - incomplete oxidation of ffa and increased circulating acetoacetic acid and b-hydroxybutyric acid (metabolic acidosis) and acetone (ketosis - acetone smell in breath of untreated diabetics). Leads to decreased blood ph, diabetic coma and death unless treatment is provided. At >180mg% glucose spills over into urine, causing glycosurea. Leads to loss of water in urine, causing polyurea - dehydration and increased thirst (polydipsia). As mentioned above, untreated diabetes leads to ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. Administration of insulin is needed to restore individual back to normal.
