MIMM 413 Lecture : feb 6 2012- dr. olivier.docx

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magentacricket108

15 May 2012

School

McGill University

Department

Microbiology and Immun (Sci)

Course

MIMM 413

Professor

Various

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Document Summary

Immune cells are attracted by chemokines released by macrophages. Inflammatory cells are then in circulation, and they express receptors that make them stick and roll on vessels, following the increasing concentration of chemokine until they get to the site of infection. Here is also in the context of the adaptive immune response (right side of the image). Rbc in circulation will be trapped by liver and spleen; this leads to lumps of cells and enlargement of the organs (esp for the spleen, which can become 3x the size). Molecule of interest = hemozoin, formed from rbc (inorganic crystals); formed from the digestion of haemoglobin by the parasite. The haemoglobin is toxic for the parasite, therefore it is turned into hemozoin. In malaria infection, their brain, liver and lungs turn brown to black (depending on how high the infection was). Even if the infection is treated, the organs stay that colour.

Related Questions

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding macrophages of mucosal immunity? Select ALL that apply

Select one or more:

a. They do not express B7

b. They present antigen to T-cells

c. They are phagocytic

d. They modulate inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines

e. They are located primarily in the lamina propria

Chronic inflammation is responsible for many of the debilitating effects of auto-immune, and other, diseases. In pathogenic inflammatory diseases, high levels of immune system cells (particularly macrophages, neutrophils, and TH1 cells) migrate from the blood to the tissue over a prolonged period of time. Pretend that you are writing a review article about this. Explain the process of chronic inflammation, how immune cells leave the circulatory system and how directed/stop at the correct location?

violetplatypus377

1. Macrophages express multiple types of receptors on their surface that stimulate phagocytosis of microbes, leading to pathogen internalization and destruction. Many of these receptors, such as Dectin-1, rely on direct recognition of a PAMP on the pathogen surface. However, some receptors that stimulate phagocytosis rely on soluble factors (not associated with the phagocyte membrane) to identify and mark the pathogen for uptake by the phagocyte. One such receptor is:

		a) The class A scavenger receptor
		b) The complement receptor
		c) The mannose receptor
		d) The macrophage C-type lectin receptor
		e) The lipid receptor

2. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways lead to the activation of NFkB and of IRF family transcription factors. Each pathway has multiple steps, beginning with adapter proteins in various combinations. This process will induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression rapidly. The following are such adapter proteins EXCEPT:

a) MyD88

b) MAL

c) TRIF

d) NFkB

e)TRAM

3. Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the:

		a) Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability
		b) TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells
		c) Bradykinin produced that causes pain
		d) Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes
		e) Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules

apricotfish623

MIMM 413 Lecture : feb 6 2012- dr. olivier.docx

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