LSCI 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Haworth Projection, Tetrose, Cyclohexane Conformation
28 Aug 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Biochemistry- LSCI-211-001
November 25th, 2013
Carbohydrates
Functions:
Energy source and storage
Structure (cell walls and exoskeletons)
Informational moleules in cell signaling
Classes:
Monosaccharides
-Furanoses (ring with 4 C, 1 O) and pytanoses (ring with 5 C, 1 O)
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Structures:
Fischer projections
Haworth Projection
Chair conformation
Nomenclature:
Triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose…
Aldehydes- aldotriose
Keytones- ketotriose
Stereochemistry:
Enantiomers- mirror images, 1 chiral centre allows for 2 configurations
Hydroxyl position- right/detro/D, left/levo/L
Diastereoisomers- a difference at
2 chiral centres
Epimers- a difference at 1 chiral centre, same absolute structure
-Anomeric carbon is usually drawn on the right side
-Conversion between and anomers is called mutarotationα β
Monosaccharide Reactions:
Phosphorylation
Amidation
Acetylation
Oxidation
Polysaccharides:
Homopolysaccharides- all one monomer, storage and structure
-Starch- amylose (unbranched), amylopectin (branched)
-Cellulose- fibrous, insoluble
Heteropolysaccharides- multiple monomers, structure and cellular
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