HIST 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: International Development, Future Wars, Economic Nationalism
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Globalization - interconnected economic system that created panic
Eroding American identity
-
National Security and Changing Global Structures
Continued breakdown of Communism and realignments
-
Changing and continuing US "strategic priorities"
War on drugs
International and domestic dimensions
§
○
USSR - Middle East
○
International stability and order
Emphasis on free markets and access to resources
§
Human rights discourse - US definition of human rights is
criticized '/
§
International development discourse
§
○
-
Election of 1988
Democrats argue that "The Best America is Yet to Come"
Created through globalization
○
Very future oriented discourse
○
-
Republicans look towards the past
Bush argues there is no time to train someone to deal with the
Russians and he will not allow this country to be made weak again
○
Bush served as vice president
○
-
George win the presidency, but the Democrats win in congress
-
New record for lowest voter turnout since 1924
-
Operation Just Cause
Intense attention to Panama
Impending transfer of power over the canal
○
War on drugs (much of them were coming from/through Panama)
Concerns worsen the diplomatic relations between US and
Panama
§
George Bush paid the leader of Panama to be an operative -
helped put him into power
§
○
-
Operation Just Case (1989)
Toppling of Noriega in Panama
Drugs, election fraud
§
Originally recruited by CIA as an asset in the mid-70s (under
Bush at the CIA)
§
US sends in ground forces to remove Noriega from power
§
○
Broadcast on live TV
○
Very few US casualties, support from some Panamanians
○
Model "surgical" operation
○
-
Popular invasion among Americans because people felt like they were in
control in this post-cold war world
-
Persian Gulf War
Sadam Hussein, leader of Iraq, occupies Kuwait in August 1990
Troops are sent in because they don't want him to be in charge of
most of the world's oil reserves
○
-
Operation Desert Shield
Hundreds of thousands of US troops go to Saudi Arabia
○
-
Operation Desert Storm
UN approved US-led force (500,000 US + 200,000 UN??)
○
US senate approves, which is different from Vietnam
○
-
Six weeks, aerial bombardment, huge Iraqi devistation
Live television coverage
○
Continuation of Wilson's rhetoric after WWI of the US being at the
head of a global system (control ideologically and militarily)
○
-
Hussein allowed to stay in power for stability
-
Panama and Gulf War Legacies
"The Gulf War was understood by almost everyone, its supporters and
opponents, as proof that US military power was back in force - and that it
could, and would, be used to shape the political landscape of the Middle
East" - Melani McAlister
-
It was a model for future wars
Volunteer army
○
Quick time frame
○
Info-tainment media coverage
○
-
Contradictions and difficulties
S.Hussein
○
-
The New Economy
Cheap oil (domestically produced)
-
Interdependency in global financial system
Multinational corporations
○
-
There are things brought in that makes Stagflation go away which makes
Reagan very popular
-
Growth of high-tech industries
Apple and Microsoft founded in the mid 1980s
○
Rise of personal computers
○
Rise of Silicon Valley (military and private industry)
○
-
Volatile stock market
1987 global crash
○
Creates a lot of wealth when people buy up other companies when
they crash
○
-
New Economy
Increased upward mobility for many after tech boom starts, but also
widening wealth gap
African American middle classes doubles between 1970-1990
○
But 1/3 in poverty, under $15,000/year doubled
○
-
Increased workforce participation women, continuing job segregation, and
wage gap
Contributes as wealth because a lot of companies open up because
they are able to get cheap labour
○
-
Service economy
Walmart - 1990 #1 retailer
Southern base
§
Christian pro-business values
§
Republican politics
§
Global production
§
Does not make anything, it is a distributor
§
○
Heads of Walmart become influential campaign donors for the
Republican party
○
Located in the South, but connected in important ways to economies
and labour forces in other parts of the world
○
-
Immigration
Hart-Celler Act (1965)
Ended National Origins quota system
○
Emphasis on family reunification, job markets
○
-
Continued linkages between US immigration (legal and undocumented)
and
Global and independent economy
○
US history
○
US foreign policy
○
-
Johnson-Reed Act gets undone and ends the Bracero program
End of Mexican labourers across of the borders
○
-
Election of 1992
Bush tries to appeal to more religious right, but the economy is hurting
People are mad about the cost of the Gulf War and stock volatility
○
-
Bill Clinton, "New Democrats"
Personal charisma, youth, women, multicultural appeal
○
Focus on economy - new jobs, reducing federal deficit, restructure
health care system, end of welfare system 'as we know it'
○
Security: 3 strikes rule, more police, border enforcement
○
-
Democrats win, BUT lose control of the House for the fist time since 50s in
'94
Subsequent government shuts down
○
-
Ross Perot - Independent (19%)
Wealthy Texas businessman
○
Giant grassroots following because not interested in D or R and want
to register themselves as wanting some other vote
○
Fixing federal deficit
○
Economic nationalism
○
Continued war on drugs
○
-
Domestic Policies
Continued New economy
Declining deficits
○
New jobs (tech industry)
○
Corporate profits up
○
Soaring stock market (richest 10% owned 90%)
○
Real income rises for the first time in 15 years
○
ENRON scandal
Company defrauds a bunch of investors
§
○
-
Failed healthcare reform
-
PRWORA 1996
Overhaul welfare
○
"The End of Big Government is Over"
○
Block grants for states, welfare to work programs
○
Television showed that welfare had hurt American society
○
-
Economic Globalization
North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994
Largest free trade zone in the world
○
Hotly debated but supported by corporations, both parties
○
-
World Trade Organization (WTO) 1995
-
Repeal of Glass-Steagall Act, 1999
New Deal law that separated commercial and investment banking
○
Part of deregulation
○
-
Massive wave of corporate mergers
-
Growth of US multinational corporations
-
But continued job insecurity, rising health care costs, outsourcing
Create anger
○
-
Protesting Global Economic Systems
Arguments that world was becoming less secure including for Americans
Environment
○
Economic instability
○
Continued wars
○
-
Protests against neoliberal economic system outside of US
Indigenous Zapatista activists in Mexico, 1990s
○
-
WTO protest, "Battle in Seattle", 1999
Argument free market logic benefitted powerful
○
NGOS, labour, environmentalists, anarchists
○
Teamsters and turtles, together at last
○
At least 40,000 protests
○
-
Propels globalization as a central lightening rod issue into the center of
national and international consciousness
-
Don’t create long lasting political alliances therefore it is a radical protest,
but shows how globalization was multifaceted and any coalitions could not
get their hands on it
-
Lecture 37 -Debating Globalization
Friday, April 13, 2018
9:32 AM
Globalization - interconnected economic system that created panic
Eroding American identity
-
National Security and Changing Global Structures
Continued breakdown of Communism and realignments
-
Changing and continuing US "strategic priorities"
War on drugs
International and domestic dimensions
§
○
USSR - Middle East
○
International stability and order
Emphasis on free markets and access to resources
§
Human rights discourse - US definition of human rights is
criticized '/
§
International development discourse
§
○
-
Election of 1988
Democrats argue that "The Best America is Yet to Come"
Created through globalization
○
Very future oriented discourse
○
-
Republicans look towards the past
Bush argues there is no time to train someone to deal with the
Russians and he will not allow this country to be made weak again
○
Bush served as vice president
○
-
George win the presidency, but the Democrats win in congress
-
New record for lowest voter turnout since 1924
-
Operation Just Cause
Intense attention to Panama
Impending transfer of power over the canal
○
War on drugs (much of them were coming from/through Panama)
Concerns worsen the diplomatic relations between US and
Panama
§
George Bush paid the leader of Panama to be an operative -
helped put him into power
§
○
-
Operation Just Case (1989)
Toppling of Noriega in Panama
Drugs, election fraud
§
Originally recruited by CIA as an asset in the mid-70s (under
Bush at the CIA)
§
US sends in ground forces to remove Noriega from power
§
○
Broadcast on live TV
○
Very few US casualties, support from some Panamanians
○
Model "surgical" operation
○
-
Popular invasion among Americans because people felt like they were in
control in this post-cold war world
-
Persian Gulf War
Sadam Hussein, leader of Iraq, occupies Kuwait in August 1990
Troops are sent in because they don't want him to be in charge of
most of the world's oil reserves
○
-
Operation Desert Shield
Hundreds of thousands of US troops go to Saudi Arabia
○
-
Operation Desert Storm
UN approved US-led force (500,000 US + 200,000 UN??)
○
US senate approves, which is different from Vietnam
○
-
Six weeks, aerial bombardment, huge Iraqi devistation
Live television coverage
○
Continuation of Wilson's rhetoric after WWI of the US being at the
head of a global system (control ideologically and militarily)
○
-
Hussein allowed to stay in power for stability
-
Panama and Gulf War Legacies
"The Gulf War was understood by almost everyone, its supporters and
opponents, as proof that US military power was back in force - and that it
could, and would, be used to shape the political landscape of the Middle
East" - Melani McAlister
-
It was a model for future wars
Volunteer army
○
Quick time frame
○
Info-tainment media coverage
○
-
Contradictions and difficulties
S.Hussein
○
-
The New Economy
Cheap oil (domestically produced)
-
Interdependency in global financial system
Multinational corporations
○
-
There are things brought in that makes Stagflation go away which makes
Reagan very popular
-
Growth of high-tech industries
Apple and Microsoft founded in the mid 1980s
○
Rise of personal computers
○
Rise of Silicon Valley (military and private industry)
○
-
Volatile stock market
1987 global crash
○
Creates a lot of wealth when people buy up other companies when
they crash
○
-
New Economy
Increased upward mobility for many after tech boom starts, but also
widening wealth gap
African American middle classes doubles between 1970-1990
○
But 1/3 in poverty, under $15,000/year doubled
○
-
Increased workforce participation women, continuing job segregation, and
wage gap
Contributes as wealth because a lot of companies open up because
they are able to get cheap labour
○
-
Service economy
Walmart - 1990 #1 retailer
Southern base
§
Christian pro-business values
§
Republican politics
§
Global production
§
Does not make anything, it is a distributor
§
○
Heads of Walmart become influential campaign donors for the
Republican party
○
Located in the South, but connected in important ways to economies
and labour forces in other parts of the world
○
-
Immigration
Hart-Celler Act (1965)
Ended National Origins quota system
○
Emphasis on family reunification, job markets
○
-
Continued linkages between US immigration (legal and undocumented)
and
Global and independent economy
○
US history
○
US foreign policy
○
-
Johnson-Reed Act gets undone and ends the Bracero program
End of Mexican labourers across of the borders
○
-
Election of 1992
Bush tries to appeal to more religious right, but the economy is hurting
People are mad about the cost of the Gulf War and stock volatility
○
-
Bill Clinton, "New Democrats"
Personal charisma, youth, women, multicultural appeal
○
Focus on economy - new jobs, reducing federal deficit, restructure
health care system, end of welfare system 'as we know it'
○
Security: 3 strikes rule, more police, border enforcement
○
-
Democrats win, BUT lose control of the House for the fist time since 50s in
'94
Subsequent government shuts down
○
-
Ross Perot - Independent (19%)
Wealthy Texas businessman
○
Giant grassroots following because not interested in D or R and want
to register themselves as wanting some other vote
○
Fixing federal deficit
○
Economic nationalism
○
Continued war on drugs
○
-
Domestic Policies
Continued New economy
Declining deficits
○
New jobs (tech industry)
○
Corporate profits up
○
Soaring stock market (richest 10% owned 90%)
○
Real income rises for the first time in 15 years
○
ENRON scandal
Company defrauds a bunch of investors
§
○
-
Failed healthcare reform
-
PRWORA 1996
Overhaul welfare
○
"The End of Big Government is Over"
○
Block grants for states, welfare to work programs
○
Television showed that welfare had hurt American society
○
-
Economic Globalization
North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 1994
Largest free trade zone in the world
○
Hotly debated but supported by corporations, both parties
○
-
World Trade Organization (WTO) 1995
-
Repeal of Glass-Steagall Act, 1999
New Deal law that separated commercial and investment banking
○
Part of deregulation
○
-
Massive wave of corporate mergers
-
Growth of US multinational corporations
-
But continued job insecurity, rising health care costs, outsourcing
Create anger
○
-
Protesting Global Economic Systems
Arguments that world was becoming less secure including for Americans
Environment
○
Economic instability
○
Continued wars
○
-
Protests against neoliberal economic system outside of US
Indigenous Zapatista activists in Mexico, 1990s
○
-
WTO protest, "Battle in Seattle", 1999
Argument free market logic benefitted powerful
○
NGOS, labour, environmentalists, anarchists
○
Teamsters and turtles, together at last
○
At least 40,000 protests
○
-
Propels globalization as a central lightening rod issue into the center of
national and international consciousness
-
Don’t create long lasting political alliances therefore it is a radical protest,
but shows how globalization was multifaceted and any coalitions could not
get their hands on it
-
Lecture 37 -Debating Globalization
Friday, April 13, 2018 9:32 AM
