GEOG 272 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Anemometer, Wind Speed, Sea Level Rise

• School: McGill University
• Department: Geography
• Course: GEOG 272
• Professor: Wayne H Pollard

Document Summary

Frost heave is caused by crystallization of ice within the soil voids (pore ice) or larger ice lenses, layers, veins, or other ice masses. An ice lens grows and thickens in the direction of heat transfer until the water supply is depleted or until freezing conditions at the freezing interface no longer support further crystallization (ice segregation). As the i(cid:272)e le(cid:374)s g(cid:396)o(cid:449)s, the o(cid:448)e(cid:396)l(cid:455)i(cid:374)g soil (cid:449)ill (cid:862)hea(cid:448)e(cid:863) up. Frost heave occurs primarily in soils containing fine silt-sized particles (often termed (cid:862)f(cid:396)ost sus(cid:272)epti(cid:271)le(cid:863)(cid:895), (cid:449)hile (cid:272)lea(cid:374) sa(cid:374)ds a(cid:374)d g(cid:396)a(cid:448)els (cid:894)s(cid:373)all a(cid:373)ou(cid:374)ts of fi(cid:374)e pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)les(cid:895) a(cid:396)e non-frost susceptible. The degree of frost susceptibility is a function of the percentage of fine particles within the soil. When water freezes, it expands by 9% of its volume and when this is in a certain type of sediment especially in silts, when this water is in the pore spaces, then this water freezes and expands.