EDEE 280 Lecture 7: Lecture 7 copy
23 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Geography, History and Citizenship
Canada at war
1) World wars
2) Cold war
3) More wars
Communism and fascism
Marx (1818-83), Lenin (1870-1924), Mussolini (1883-1945), Hitler (1889-1945)
The 2 on the left are communists and the 2 on the right are facists. All four
believed in a dictorial approach. Marx envisioned a utopian society.
1- World wars
World war 1 (1914-1918)
Canada as part of an empire: Canada did not have control over external
affairs (such as war) only internal affairs.
World war 1 (1914-18)
-Entangled alliances: everyone in Europe was afraid of everyone else. European
powers started to form alliances that were very complicated. Alliances affected
world war 1.
-Crisis in the Balkans: what started world war 1.
-The war, from the theatre to the trenches: warfare became so industrialized and
caused so many casualties. Chances of serving a battle at the open theatre is
much higher as the weapons aren't as industrialized. The chances of surviving
in a trench were so low, death was the only option.
-Peace of Versailles (1919)
-Germany blamed: biggest rising power of Europe at the time and needed to be
put in it’s place. In the war it committed so many atrocities that it got what it
deserved.
-Weimar republic: weak constitution it spent most of it’s time fighting itself and
was not a threat to others.
-Politically weakened
—> Weak government and military: Germany was not allowed to have an
army in the treaty of Versailles. Their army was bigger than they
needed to protect themselves.
-Economically weakened
—> Reparation payments: Germany had to pay those who defeated it
(reparations). Most of it was payed to France and France even took some of
Germany’s land when they couldn’t give them as much as they wanted. Hitler
promised to restore Germany to what it was before.
Russian revolution (1917)
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-Czar Nicholas II and his family: comes from caesar (very powerful king). In
Russia the Czar was very powerful. Had a lot of faults (Lenin saw an opportunity
to take over and he did)
Poor performance in WW1
-Czar took control of the army - incompetent: Russia suffered some of the
highest casualties because Russia was trying to fight the Germans
using horses while the Germans were using tanks. Czar refused to update
the weaponry.
-Czarina Alexandra took charge of the state - weak: Wife/queen decided to run
the country. Russian people liked Nicholas thought he was incompetent and they
hated Alexandra. With Nicholas absent, they turned against her.
Food shortages: Famine for difficult economic times (poor harvest)
-Workers formed local councils, soviets
Czar abdicated: gave up his power
-Imprisoned and executed (1918): his wife was also executed (they didn't want
her to inherit the thrown) the son also died for the same reason and the
daughters to get completely rid of the royal family.
Lenin took control of the soviets and centralized the government (1919): no
freedom (had to go to school).
-Introduces new economic plan (1921): most people went to work in the
factories. In a future war he would have to build tanks instead of relying on old
technology.
-Communist Russia becomes union of soviet socialist republics (1922): centrally
controlled
Stalin rises to power (1924): Czar died.
-Eliminates his political rival, Trotsky is exiled (1927) and murdered (1940): Stalin
defeated Trotsky and rose to power. Stalin sent his men to Mexico to find Trotsky
and kill him.
-Purges his enemies (1936): Stalin sending so many people to prison and
executed i.e people who helped him rise to power for fear that they
would divulge the strategies he used to rise to power.
-Introduces the five year plan
—> Forces industrialization: forced people to work in factories (many wanted to
keep their farms - agricultural country). Those who refused were his enemies.
World war 1 (1914-1918)
-The war in Europe
-Canadians on the battlefield: Some of the bravest soldiers in the world.
Fighting a war that didn't have to do with them (self-less act). Some
even became the strongest and best soldiers.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
-Canadians at home: They rose to the occasion as well. We provided soldiers and
weapons and sent them overseas for our allies.
-Conscription crisis: Canada was divided because eventually the war went on for
a long time and given the number of casualties the allied forces started to run
out of soldiers. Canada was for conscription but Quebec was not. Did not see it
as a war of interest.
-League of nations (1919): Canada invited to join the treaty of Versailles and
what evolved into the treaty of nations due to it’s recognition from the war.
-Canada is recognized by the world (1919).. and recognized the world:
Canada was acting more independent.
-Statue of Westminster (1931): Got more independence. Westminster is where
the law was passed. Canada now has control over internal and external affairs.
Our ambassadors and governor generals did not have to be British, they could
now be Canadian. We didn't have to wait for Britain to do it for us, we can now
do it ourselves. Sadly it took the loss of so much life to put Canada on the map.
Women’s issues
Women and the federal vote (1918): Got the right to vote because so
many contributed to the war.
Women and the vote in Quebec (1940): Got the vote provincially only
later on because they were against the war.
The federal government allows to enlist in the army (1941): Women were
allowed to be soldiers in the second world war. Recognized women as
equal. Advances the causes of equality.
Black history: Nelly was the strongest advocate of women’s rights.
Among the famous 5 but was the most influential.
Creation of black battalion, not permitted to fight but served in France with the
Canadian forestry crops (1914-18): Always fought in battalions with whites
(discrimination). Always a higher number of casualties amongst those
who were discriminated against (blacks). Blacks saw this as an opportunity
to fight for a cause and defend themselves. Blacks were marginalized and were
required to dig the trenches. They were labourers (not very equal). Many of
them were loyal to Canada and Britain but were treated as second
class citizens.
World war II (1939-1945): This time Germany did not start the war.
-The war in Europe and the world
Facism, nationalism and imperialism
World war II
Italy, Mussolini (1921): Dictator
-Control of Mediterranean (south)
Japan, Hirohito (1926): Empire ruled by a dictator
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Canada at war: world wars, cold war, more wars. Marx (1818-83), lenin (1870-1924), mussolini (1883-1945), hitler (1889-1945) The 2 on the left are communists and the 2 on the right are facists. Canada as part of an empire: canada did not have control over external affairs (such as war) only internal affairs. Entangled alliances: everyone in europe was afraid of everyone else. European powers started to form alliances that were very complicated. Crisis in the balkans: what started world war 1. The war, from the theatre to the trenches: warfare became so industrialized and caused so many casualties. Chances of serving a battle at the open theatre is much higher as the weapons aren"t as industrialized. The chances of surviving in a trench were so low, death was the only option. Germany blamed: biggest rising power of europe at the time and needed to be put in it"s place.
