BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 61: Acetyl-Coa, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Lactate Dehydrogenase

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29 May 2018

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Metabolism XXIII

Rotor Orientation

• Rotor orientation determines binding strength in the F1 subunit

o Rotation of rotor (gamma subunit) in FO part of the protein (red) induces

conformational changes in F1 static subunit

• As the gamma subunit moves around, towards the three equivalent lobes of F1

protein (each made of alpha & beta subunits), it changes the conformation

between an opened, loose and tight binding state

• The F1 subunit alternates between open, loose and tight substrate binding

o Rotor movement drives shift from open to loose to tight binding

• When it is opened, can release newly formed ATP and bind ADP

o In order for this to work, the mitochondrial matrix maintains a high [c] of ADP

and low [c] of ATP

o Such that as soon as have an open site, will bind ADP

• This then proceeds to a loose but bound conformation as the rotor turns to the

next station

o As it turns again, the loose conformation tightens

• Tight binding of ADP and phosphate excludes water from the reaction site and

promotes formation of ATP

o Tightening removes water from the binding site

o Hydrolysis reaction is taking a water molecule and attacking a bond with the

electrons from the oxygen

• Binding OH from the water to one of the molecules and H on the other

o Lose conformation change in the protein to tighten the substrate binding site

to exclude any present water molecules

• In dry condition, hydrolysis reaction is not favored and the ADP + Pi -->

ATP becomes much more favorable since there is no water to reverse

the reaction

• Once the transition state is stabilized, the rotor turns around

o Tight binding conformation opens up and ATP can leave

• Tight binding conformation excludes water from the reaction site

o This is enough to make ATP formation favorable

ATP from Aerobic Glycolysis

• Oxidative phosphorylation makes most of the ATP we get from aerobic glycolysis

• Net product of glycolysis is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

o Go from one 6C sugar to two 3C sugar-like molecules

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Related Questions

1.Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein that has 7 alpha helices embedded in the cell membrane. As such, how many start-transfer and stop-transfer sequences would it need?

7 start transfer sequences, 6 stop transfer sequences

7 of each, in alternating fashion

4 start transfer sequences and 3 stop transfer sequences

7 start transfer sequences

2. The role of GTP hydrolysis by the Signal Recognition Particle during cotranslational translocation to the ER is

to release the SRP after docking to the translocon so translation can resume.

to open the gate/pore of the translocon into the ER.

to arrest translation so that synthesis does not finish before the peptide is delivered to the translocon.

to allow binding to the ribosome.

3. The cisternal maturation model is just one model that describes how objects might move through the Golgi. Some of the statements below describing the cisternal maturation model are correct and some are incorrect. Select all the incorrect descriptions.

There's no need for retrograde movement

Vesicles bud off from the Trans Golgi Network toward the plasma membrane

Vesicular tubules move materials from the cis to medial Golgi networks.

There are no vesicles moving in the anterograde direction

4. Select all statements that are correct concerning electron transport and ATP synthesis during photosynthesis in chloroplasts.

Each photosystem (I and II) pump protons.

Protons are pumped into the lumen of the thylakoid.

The bulb of the synthase projects into the stroma

Photosystem I is reduced directly by Photosystem II

5. Select all that are true about ATP synthesis with an F_oF₁ synthase complex.

Each ADP+Pi is transferred from one beta subunit in Open conformation to a second beta subunit in Loose conformation and finally to the 3rd beta subunit in the T conformation

As the gamma subunit rotates to each beta subunit, it forces them to the open state.

As the gamma subunit rotates to a particular beta subunit, the unit before it changes conformation to Tight and the one ahead of it changes to Loose

As the gamma subunit rotates to a particular beta subunit, the unit before it changes conformation to Loose and the one ahead of it changes to Tight

All 3 beta subunits are always in a different conformation (open, loose, or tight)

6. The number of ATPs per NADH generated by the electron transport system is higher than the number generated per FADH2 because __________.

		electrons from FADH₂ are not oxidized all the way to water
		NADH is converted to NAD⁺, which increases the charge gradient for ATP synthesis
		FADH₂ has a lower (less negative) redox potential than NADH does
		FADH₂ has a higher (more negative) redox potential than NADH does

BIOC 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 61: Acetyl-Coa, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Lactate Dehydrogenase

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