CHEM 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Steric Effects, Weak Base, Electronegativity
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17 Jun 2015
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Chem 212: introductory organic chemistry 1 lecture 6: ionic reaction (part 1) Electrophile: carbocation or + end of a polar c x bond. Nucleophile: attacking lewis base (can be neutral or anionic) Leaving group: displaced halide ( end of a polar c x bond) Substitution reactions = nucleophile attacks electrophile (with displacement of leaving group. Rate of reaction: the change in concentration of the reactants or products per unit time. Determining order: measure rate at varying initial concentrations of a and/or b and determine the effect on the rate. Rate = k[a]s[b]t; order = s + t. Doubling [a] doubles rate (s = 1) Doubling [b] no effect on rate (t = 0) Doubling [b] doubles rate (t = 1) Two separate steps: bond breaking to lg, then bond making to nu. S = substitution; n = nucleophilic; 1 = unimolecular. In this reaction, the first step is the slowest, and therefore, the rate determining step.
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