CHEM 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Alkoxy Group, Phenyl Group, Cyclooctane
17 Jun 2015
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Chem 212: introductory organic chemistry 1 lecture 2: organic structure -- families of carbon compounds & alkanes and cycloalkanes-- nomenclature and conformations. Electronegativity--ability of an element to attract bonding electrons. Occurs between atoms of differing electronegativity (difference > 1. 9) Occurs between atoms of similar electronegativity (difference 0 1. 9) Forms molecules (each bond = 2 shared electrons) Polar bonds: covalent bonds with unequal sharing of electrons--bonds between atoms with differing electronegativities (0. 5 1. 9) Polar molecules (combining knowledge of molecular shapes and polar/non-polar bonds) Polar molecules: molecules with a net dipole moment ( )--add up the individual bond dipoles polar (net dipole up towards f) polar (net dipole to up-right) non-polar (no net dipole) non-polar polar. Since we are never just looking at one molecule, we have to consider how polar bonds and dipole moments influence interactions between molecules. Ions in crystal lattice--leads to high mp. Hydrogen bonds--a special type of dipole-dipole (stronger than normal dipole- dipole attractions)
