CHEM 181 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Ancel Keys, John Yudkin, Lipid Hypothesis
19 Jun 2018
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Department
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Professor
Video 1
Choose my plate website
Gives you portion recommendation
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Harvard plate
Gives you what you should be eating, distinction
between proteins that you should be eating and things
that you should not be eating
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Ancel Keys
Laid the lipid hypothesis that heart disease is linked to
cholesterol levels in the blood and those cholesterol
levels are linked to saturated fat in the diet
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Nikolai Anichkov fed rabbits with cholesterol and said this led
to the buildup of deposits in the arteries which triggered heart
attacks
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Liporotein were linked to heart disease and were present in
fatty foods
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Activity 1
What is the lipid hypothesis? The notion that heart disease is
linked to cholesterol levels in the blood which is linked to the
amount of saturated fat in the diet
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Video 2
Ancel Keys found that % of calories from fat were linked with
heart disease
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Crete had a high fat diet but had low heart disease rate
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Suggested some types of fat were acceptable
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Populations that did not fit his hypothesis and he just decided
to leave populations out
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John Yudkin wrote paper on atheriosclerosis, sugar can also
contribute to heart disease
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Activity 2
Which of the following statements best summarized the main
criticism of Ancel Key's 1950 study of cholesterol and heart
disease? He used data from only 6 of 22 countries for which he
had data available and excluded populations that did not fit
with his hypothesis
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Video 3
Risk factors for heart disease: low birth weight, born male, high
blood pressure (hypertension), inactivity, smoking, diabetes,
stress (but this is difficult to define), microbes (bacteria and
virsuses that can affect the heart)
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Homocysteine is formed from methionine and breaks down
and is capitalized by B vitamins
Reduced by eating fruits and vegetables, or you can take
vitamins as a supplement
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Cholesterol is the biggest risk factor
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Activity 3
Which various risk factors of developing heart disease can
people not control? Low birth weight, being of male sex
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High homocysteine levels are a potential risk factor for heart
disease. Rather than coming directly from the diet, it is
synthesized in the body from the methionine. What vitamin
can help reduce the level of homocysteine in the bloodstream?
Vitamin B
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Video 4
Cholesterol is a steroid and an essential biochemical (we
cannot live without it)
Not a vitamin, we do not need it in the diet, it can be
produced by the liver
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Found in foods of animal origin, not found in vegetables
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Blood cholesterol is associated with risk of heart disease
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Familial hypercholesterolemia where people form more than
the normal amounts of cholesterol in their body and you can
see external deposits
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Video 5
Oxygen is delivered to the heart through the coronary arteries
If there is a blockage, the cells below will be starved of
oxygen and this is what produces a heart attack
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Cholesterol gets transported by being packaged by lipoproteins
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LDL is bad cholesterol
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LDL receptors are on the surface of cells
Like a loading dock
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Inflammation is a body response of body tissues to injury or
irritation
High sensitive c-reactive protein, when less than 2mg/L
risk factor decreases
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Activity 5
Cholesterol is an essential biochemical that is not produced by
the human body and therefore must be included in the diet -
false
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HDL is called good cholesterol because it has LDL receptors
that absorb cholesterol from the blood stream - false
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Contemporary research shows that the total amount of
cholesterol carried by LDL particles is the best predictor of
heart disease - false
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A blood clot can form in a coronary artery when a plaque
bursts and the body brings an army of blood cells to
consolidate the damage - true
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Lecture 9 -Topic 2
Tuesday, April 3, 2018
9:10 PM
11
CHEM 181 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
Gives you what you should be eating, distinction between proteins that you should be eating and things that you should not be eating. Laid the lipid hypothesis that heart disease is linked to cholesterol levels in the blood and those cholesterol levels are linked to saturated fat in the diet. Nikolai anichkov fed rabbits with cholesterol and said this led to the buildup of deposits in the arteries which triggered heart attacks. Liporotein were linked to heart disease and were present in fatty foods. The notion that heart disease is linked to cholesterol levels in the blood which is linked to the amount of saturated fat in the diet. Ancel keys found that % of calories from fat were linked with heart disease. Crete had a high fat diet but had low heart disease rate. Populations that did not fit his hypothesis and he just decided to leave populations out.
