BIOL 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Gluconeogenesis, Acetoacetic Acid, Atkins Diet
25 Feb 2013
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Humans take in enough fatty acids to sustain metabolism, most people have no need for synthesizing more fatty acids. Carboxylation of acetyl coa to form malonyl coa, catalyzed by acetyl coa carboxylase. Acetyl coa + hco3- + atp -> malonyl coa + adp + pi, endergonic, coupled to atp hydrolysis, more or less irreversible. Regulated by the phosphorylation of the enzyme, done by the amp-dependent protein kinase, which is switched off when amp levels are high. Acyl groups of the malonyl coa and acetyl coa are transferred to an acyl carrier protein, which has a covalently attached phosphopantetheine group, which has a sulfhydro group attached to the groups via a thioester bond. Acetyl acp and malonyl acp (2c and 3c) react to form acetoacetyl acp (4c) an co2. Energy released by the co2 release is consumed by the formation of the acetoacetyl acp. Aacp is then dehydrated, reduced again, and eventually form butyryl acp.
