BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Covalent Bond, Chemical Formula, Ketose

• School: McGill University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 112
• Professor: Lucy- Ann Joseph

Document Summary

Funcions of sugars include energy storage, structure, and they also serve as a building block for nucleic acids. Single sugars, follow the general formula of ch2o ex) glucose. Two sugars ex) table sugar is fructose and glucose. These always have one carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups. Substances with the same chemical formula, but with a diferent orientaion or arrangement. Ex) aldose and ketose have the same formula as table sugar, but have a diferent structure, therefore they are isometric. Ex) glucose and galactose are opical isomers of a 6c sugar. They are diferent because in soluion glucose forms an addiional covalent bond to make a ring structure, whereas galactose does not. Opical isomers are mirror images and occur when the carbon atom has four diferent group atached to it. They are formed by covalent bonds called glycosidic linkages" two glucose molecules can form. These bonds are between the c1 of a sugar and the oh- of another sugar.