BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Sodium-Potassium Alloy, Archaea, Organelle
15 Jun 2018
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CELLS 1:
Smallest functional unit that can live on its own, 4E13 cells in humans
Why Cells are Small:
- ost heial eatios euie diffusio; diffusig oleules dot tael, log
distaes due to thei ado alk
- Their paths are squiggles, so it travels a large distance but little displacement
- Distance travelled is proportional to the square root of time
Large Cells:
Volume increases more than the S.A and everything diffuses from the outside into the cell, e.g.
glucose & oxygen → (diffuses food once inside)
- 6:1 volume/surface ratio, (1mm cube) 1:1.7 (10mm)
Cells show 2 organizational patterns:
Eukaryotes – monophyletic; one common ancestor, have a membrane-enclosed nucleus &
MANY enclosed compartments (membrane) called organelles that make them larger than
prokaryotes
Prokaryotes (Bacteria & Archaea) – small, no nucleus, few membrane enclosed compartments
(cell wall) – a huge diversity of things they can eat to derive energy, they do not have a limited
metabolic rate and consumption
Fig 1.1
Eukaryotes:
Plant Cells: have a cell wall made of cellulose which is very rigid that does not need a NaK
pumps; the cell wall keep the plant intact: if there is not enough water, then the cell wall will be
weaker
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Smallest functional unit that can live on its own, 4e13 cells in humans. (cid:373)ost (cid:272)he(cid:373)i(cid:272)al (cid:396)ea(cid:272)tio(cid:374)s (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)e diffusio(cid:374); diffusi(cid:374)g (cid:373)ole(cid:272)ules do(cid:374)(cid:859)t t(cid:396)a(cid:448)el, lo(cid:374)g dista(cid:374)(cid:272)es due to thei(cid:396) (cid:858)(cid:396)a(cid:374)do(cid:373) (cid:449)alk(cid:859) Their paths are squiggles, so it travels a large distance but little displacement. Distance travelled is proportional to the square root of time. Volume increases more than the s. a and everything diffuses from the outside into the cell, e. g. glucose & oxygen (diffuses food once inside) 6:1 volume/surface ratio, (1mm cube) 1:1. 7 (10mm) Eukaryotes monophyletic; one common ancestor, have a membrane-enclosed nucleus & Many enclosed compartments (membrane) called organelles that make them larger than prokaryotes. Prokaryotes (bacteria & archaea) small, no nucleus, few membrane enclosed compartments (cell wall) a huge diversity of things they can eat to derive energy, they do not have a limited metabolic rate and consumption. Vacuole; size variation: cells are 10x larger than the cells in prokaryotes.
