BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Titin, Alpha And Beta Carbon, Amine

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pinkgoldfish355

25 Jun 2016

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Influenced by the sequence of amino acids: the alpha carbon in the amino acid is attached to an amino group, carboxyl group, and r group o r group determines identity of the amino acid, peptide linkages are the covalent bonds between two amino acids, every protein starts with an amino group (nh2), and ends with a carboxyl group (cooh, the precise sequence of amino acids in a protein is the primary structure, amino acids can be positively charged, neutral, or negatively charged depending on the r group o some are polar, but do not carry a charge, such as serine. Proline forms a ring between the alpha carbon and the amino group: the amine nitrogen is bound to two alkyl groups, a protein"s secondary structure consists of regular repeated patterns in different regions of the polypeptide chain o alpha helix.

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Instructions

BACKGROUND

The amino acid sequence for a protein that is associated with the onset of Huntington's Disease in humans is 582 amino acids long and is provided below. This disease is autosomal dominant and results in a prolonged degeneration of nerve cells in the brain.

INSTRUCTIONS

For this assignment, use any method you determine most feasible (i.e. programming in MATlab, R script, Crystal Ball, Witchcraft/Hocus Pocus, etc.) to decipher the amino acid composition of this protein and answer the 15 questions associated with this protein and its associated amino acid structure.

You will be calculating proportions (percentages - %) for this assignment. Calculate all proportions to 1 decimal place and make sure you have rounded up or down correctly. If unsure, use a spreadsheet program such as Excel to display your proportional calculations to 1 decimal place.

Spelling matters (Incorrect spelling will be graded as such - incorrect).

Huntington Disease Associated Protein Amino Acid Sequence

The first amino acid below ('m') represents the amino (NH3) terminus of this protein. The last amino acid in this sequence represents the carboxy (COOH) terminus and is the very last 'c' at the bottom of this protein sequence structure. The amino acids are numbered individually across the rows (left to right) beginning from the amino terminus (#1) to the carboxy terminus (#582).

mvskreniat	hhlyqawdpv	pslspattga	lisheklllq	inperelgsm	syklgqvsih
svwlgnsitp	lreeewdeee	eeeadapaps	spptspvnsr	khragvdihs	csqfllelys
rwilpsssar	rtpailisev	vrsllvvsdl	fternqfelm	yvtltelrrv	hpsedeilaq
ylvpatckaa	avlgmdkava	epvsrllest	lrsshlpsrv	galhgilyvl	ecdllddtak
qlipvisdyl	lsnlkgiahc	vnihsqqhvl	vmcatafyli	enypldvgpe	fsasiiqmcg
vmlsgseest	psiiyhcalr	glerlllseq	lsrldaeslv	klsvdrvnvh	sphramaalg
lmltcmytgk	ekvspgrtsd	pnpaapdses	vivamervsv	lfdrirkgfp	cearvvaril
pqflddffpp	qdimnkvige	flsnqqpypq	fmatvvykvf	qtlhstgqss	mvrdwvmlsl
snftqrapva	matwslscff	vsastspwva	ailphvisrm	gkleqvdvnl	fclvatdfyr
hqieeeldrr	afqsvlevva	apgspyhrll	tclrnvhkvt	tc	CARBOXY TERMINUS

I need these decoded in order to answer the following questions:

a.) What is the name of the least abundant amino acid in this protein and what proportion of the total amino acids in the protein does this individual amino acid represent?

b.) What is the proportion of essential amino acids included in this protein sequence?

c.)How many Tryptophan residues are present in this protein sequence?

d.) The amino acid sequence from residues 73-85 is represented by the amino acids EEEWDEEEEEEAD, how would you generally classify this small region of the protein

e.) Two amino acids are present in the same proportion in this protein, which two are those?

f.) How many positively charged amino acids are present in this protein?

g.)Which class of amino acids is the most abundant in this protein?

h.) What amino acid(s) is/are present at locations 572 and 582 in the Huntington Disease protein (Full Amino Acid Name(s))

i.) What type of structure could form between these amino acids that could help stabilize this protein's structure?

j.) How many valine residues are present in this protein?

k.)Which class of amino acids is least abundant in this protein?

l.) How may negatively charged amino acids are present in the Huntington disease protein?

m.) How many Aspartic Acid residues are present in this protein and what proportion do they represent of the total amino acids in this protein?

n.)Summed together, how many hydrophilic amino acid residues are present in this protein?

o.)What is the sequence of amino acids from positions 487-492 (First letters only)?

p.) How would you classify this area of the Huntington protein based on these amino acids?

BACKGROUND

INSTRUCTIONS

1. For this assignment, use any method you determine most feasible (i.e. programming in MATlab, R script, Crystal Ball, Witchcraft/Hocus Pocus, etc.) to decipher the amino acid composition of this protein and answer the 15 questions associated with this protein and its associated amino acid structure.

2. You will be calculating proportions (percentages - %) for this assignment. Calculate all proportions to 1 decimal place and make sure you have rounded up or down correctly. If unsure, use a spreadsheet program such as Excel to display your proportional calculations to 1 decimal place.

3. Spelling matters (Incorrect spelling will be graded as such - incorrect).

5. Download/copy the sequence and review the questions so you can double check your numbers before proceeding through the homework.

Huntington Disease Associated Protein Amino Acid Sequence

mvskreniat	hhlyqawdpv	pslspattga	lisheklllq	inperelgsm	syklgqvsih
svwlgnsitp	lreeewdeee	eeeadapaps	spptspvnsr	khragvdihs	csqfllelys
rwilpsssar	rtpailisev	vrsllvvsdl	fternqfelm	yvtltelrrv	hpsedeilaq
ylvpatckaa	avlgmdkava	epvsrllest	lrsshlpsrv	galhgilyvl	ecdllddtak
qlipvisdyl	lsnlkgiahc	vnihsqqhvl	vmcatafyli	enypldvgpe	fsasiiqmcg
vmlsgseest	psiiyhcalr	glerlllseq	lsrldaeslv	klsvdrvnvh	sphramaalg
lmltcmytgk	ekvspgrtsd	pnpaapdses	vivamervsv	lfdrirkgfp	cearvvaril
pqflddffpp	qdimnkvige	flsnqqpypq	fmatvvykvf	qtlhstgqss	mvrdwvmlsl
snftqrapva	matwslscff	vsastspwva	ailphvisrm	gkleqvdvnl	fclvatdfyr
hqieeeldrr	afqsvlevva	apgspyhrll	tclrnvhkvt	tc	CARBOXY TERMINUS

I posted this before with no replies! It's urgent.

I need this decoded because I don't have any access to any coding methods in order to answer the following questions:

a.) a.) What is the name of the least abundant amino acid in this protein?

b.) What proportion of the total amino acids in the protein does this individual amino acid represent?

c.) What is the proportion of essential amino acids included in this protein sequence?

d.)The amino acid sequence from residues 73-85 is represented by the amino acids EEEWDEEEEEEAD, how would you generally classify this small region of the protein? Choose from: neutral, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, negatively charged, positively charged

e.)Two amino acids are present in the same proportion in this protein, which two are those?

f.)Which class of amino acids is the most abundant in this protein?

g.) What amino acid(s) is/are present at locations 572 and 582 in the Huntington Disease protein (Full Amino Acid Name(s)).

h.)What type of structure could form between these amino acids that could help stabilize this protein's structure?

i.) Which class of amino acids is least abundant in this protein?

j.)Summed together, how many hydrophilic amino acid residues are present in this protein?

1. You have the following prokaryotic DNA sequence: 5â²-GGACTAGACAATAGGGACCTAGAGATTCCGAAA-3â² 3â²-CCTGATCTGTTATCCCTGGATCTCTAAGGCTTT-5â² If the top strand is the template strand which sequence below is the correct mRNA transcript? A. 5â²-GGACUAGACAAUAGGGACCUAGAGAUUCCGAAAâ3â² B. 5'-UUUCGGAAUCUCUAGGUCCCUAUUGUCUAGUCC-3' C. 5'-CCUGAUCUGUUAUCCCUGGAUCUCUAAGGCUUU-3' D. None of the above are correct

2.Starting in the cytoplasm with a fully mature mRNA explain the process of translation initiation and then elongation and termination to me.

3.Prior to export from the nucleus, pre-mRNA must be processed. What specifically does this entail?

4.The biosynthetic pathway for the two amino acids E and H is shown schematically in the figure. You are able to show experimentally that E inhibits enzyme V, and H inhibits enzyme X. The most logical hypothesis regarding the regulation of Enzyme T would be that it is most likely subject to feedback inhibition by E alone. True or False?

5. A. kinase B. ligase C. polymerase D. oxido-reductase E. Phosphatase F. protease G. nuclease H. ATPase 1. Removes a phosphate group from a molecule 2. Hydrolyzes ATP 3. Hydrolyzes bonds between nucleotides 4. Adds phosphate groups to molecules 5. Catalyzes reactions in which one molecule is oxidized and another is reduced 6. Hydrolyzes peptide bonds 7. Joins two ends of DNA together 8. Catalyzes the synthesis of polymers such as RNA and DNA

6. Looking at the figure showing the change in reaction rate for two different enzymes that both utilize the same substrate, answer the following questions. a. What is the approximate Vmax for enzyme B ? b. What is the approximate Vmax for enzyme A ? c. What is the approximate Km for the enzyme which has a higher affinity for the substrate uM.

7. Answer the following question either yes or no (spell out the word, do not abbreviate as y or n). Looking at the following coupled reaction: Luciferase luciferin + O 2 ==========> oxyluciferin + light âG = + + Mg2+ ATP <=> AMP + PPi âG = - - - a. Based on your knowledge of free energy change and reactions would this coupled reaction occur ? b. Would changing the second step from ATP<=> AMP + PPi âG = - - - to ATP <=> ADP + Pi âG = - change your answer

7.Spontaneous reactions by definition will happen instantaneously. Why false?

8. Each of the following questions apply to the image of the channel protein. The purple sphere is a charged ion. Type your response to each question in the blank provided. a. Based you on what you know about cells and ions, what does the tri-lobed red and white molecule represent (although there aren't anywhere near enough of them shown) ? b. Since the question stated the purple sphere was a charged particle, using what you know about the tri-lobed red and white molecule what is the charge of the purples sphere c. On the extracellular space, on the right side of the purple sphere, there are two tri-lobed red and white molecules in close proximity to one another. The red of one appears to be attracted to the white of the other. What type of bond is this ? d. Based on your knowledge of proteins that interact with the membrane and the properties of the membrane, to what family of amino acids would the amino acid marked by A. most likely belong? ?

BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Titin, Alpha And Beta Carbon, Amine

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