AEBI 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Chlorophyceae, Gene Flow, Cytokinesis
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Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?
| Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully. |
| Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment. |
| Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations. |
| Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms. |
An organism's fitness depends on its _____.
| ability to survive and reproduce |
| ability to swap genetic material with other organisms |
| physical size |
| ability to mutate |
| population |
Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?
| The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources. |
| The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment. |
| The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten. |
| No answer text provided. |
Which of the following are adaptations?
| Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant. |
| Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation. |
| More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators. |
| None of the above. |
| All of the above. |
Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the fact that DNA polymerase can only build onto the end of an existing nucleic acid?
Question 6 options:
| DNA replication requires primers | |
| Bits of DNA are lost from the ends of your chromosomes in each successive round of replication | |
| RNA is involved in DNA replication | |
| The enzyme "primase" is needed for DNA replication | |
| There are multiple origins of replication on each eukaryotic chromosome |
How does a nucleotide sequence code for a protein in nearly all living organisms?
Question 7 options:
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids | |
| a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for 3 different amino acids |
Fill in the blanks. To make one strand of DNA, _________ monomers are linked together in a chain, forming a polymer we call a(n) ________ .
Question 8 options:
| nitrogenous bases, hydrogen bond | |
| nucleotide, nucleic acid | |
| amino acid, nucleic acid | |
| nucleotide, nitrogenous base | |
| amino acid, protein |
Which of the following was NOT part of the ideas that Darwin used in his book On the Origin of Species?
Question 9 options:
| organisms vary in characteristics that affect survival and reproduction | |
| variation in traits is often heritable | |
| descent with modification explains life's unity and life's diversity | |
| organisms inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquired in their own lifetimes | |
| natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution |
Here is a hypothetical mRNA sequence:
5' G G A U G C U A G U A U G A 3'
What is the amino acid sequence encoded by this mRNA?
Question 10 options:
| Met-Ile-Val | |
| Asp-Ala-Ser-Met | |
| Met-Leu-Val | |
| Ser-Met-Ile-Val | |
| Gly-Cys |