LING-101 Lecture 2: InternationalPhoneticAlphabet
6 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Standardized not directly linked to any particular language. Uses mostly roman or latin letters with additions. Consonant: sounds produced with narrowing or closing the vocal tract (closed-in/constricted sounds) Vowel: sounds produced with very little narrowing of vocal tract (wide-open sounds) Each consonant has a unique articulatory description. Can be plotted on consonant chart: state of glottis voiced or voiceless, place of articulation where is vocal tract constricted, manner of articulation how is the sound created. Obstruent consonants (top part of chart: stops, fricatives, affricates, very significant obstruction of vocal tract, typically occur in voiceless/voiced pairs (apart from glottals) Sonorant consonants (bottom part of chart: nasals, liquids, glides, little obstruction, free flowing, singable consonants, voiced by default (if voiceless, need extra marking) Vowels: vocal tract very open, sonorous (singable) & voiced, syllabic (nucleus of syllable) Determined by 4 main articulations: tongue height (high, mid, low, tongue fronting (front, central, back, lip rounding (rounded, unrounded, tongue tension (tense, lax)
