BIOL-208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Intraspecific Competition, Interspecific Competition, Biological Interaction
17 Dec 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Competition
- Effects of interactions among organisms
Species A
Species B
positive
neutral
negative
positive
mutualism
commensalism
exploitation
neutral
neutralism
amensalism
negative
competition
- Most forms of mutualism is not an even sharing
- Example to commensalism is a birds nest in a tree; the nest does not typically
harm or help the tree in any way so it is neutral but the bird gains a place to live
- Neutralism is the most common form of interaction, like a tree on a river bank
and a fish in the water
- Amensalism is like an animal walking through a meadow, plants are getting
crushed but no harm or help is coming to the animal
- Predation is a common form of exploitation
- Forms of competition
- Intraspecific: between individuals of the same species
- Interspecific: between individuals of different species
- Resource limitation: limited food, space, etc
- Interference competition: direct aggressive interaction between
individuals
- Individuals harm each other by taking resources before others,
and since they draw from same resource source, it is very limiting
- Damsel fish: if homes are too close together, will fight for the
rights to the area, including mates and food
- Exploitative competition: competition to secure resources first (can be
direct or indirect)
- White pines
- Evidence for competition in natural systems
- Population growth slows at high densities making a sigmoidal curve graph
- Assumption: intraspecific competition key role
- In logistic population growth model
- Intraspecific
- Self thinning
- Done overtime
- More biomass composed of fewer individuals
- Predation: density drops, then biomass increases; when density
drops, other individuals can grow faster
- -½; for every 2 units of individuals that die, one unit of biomass is gained
- -3/2
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Document Summary
Species b (cid:3451) positive neutral negative positive neutral negative mutualism commensalism exploitation neutralism amensalism competition. Most forms of mutualism is not an even sharing. Example to commensalism is a birds nest in a tree; the nest does not typically harm or help the tree in any way so it is neutral but the bird gains a place to live. Neutralism is the most common form of interaction, like a tree on a river bank and a fish in the water. Amensalism is like an animal walking through a meadow, plants are getting crushed but no harm or help is coming to the animal. Predation is a common form of exploitation. Individuals harm each other by taking resources before others, and since they draw from same resource source, it is very limiting. Damsel fish: if homes are too close together, will fight for the rights to the area, including mates and food.
