BIOL-208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Landscape Ecology, Volcanism, Fractal
17 Dec 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Landscape Ecology
- Introduction
- Landscape: heterogenous area composed of distinct patches
- Landscape elements: distinct patches within landscape
- Landscape ecology: study of relationship between spatial pattern of ecological
processes over a range of scales
- Highly interdisciplinary
- Human influence from beginning
- Spatial heterogeneity across multiple scales (extent, origin, and
ecological consequences)
- Origin of landscape
- “Geological processes, climate, organisms, and fire contribute to the creation of
landscape” (and maintenance of landscapes)
- Geological processes and climate
- Glaciation
- Volcanism
- Erosion
- Sedimentation
- Glaciation
- Isostatic lift is rebound of the land. Glaciers so heavy, it squashed the
ground
- Canada and northern US covered repeatedly by glaciers
- Glacial ages include
- Periodic glaciations
- Cold periods: 60 - 90 thousand years
- Interrupted by interglacials
- Warmer periods: 10 -40 thousand years
- Glaciation and vegetation mosaics in north North America
- Effects of glaciers on landscape is dramatic
- Rock and soil moved over great distances
- Forward movement scours the landscape
- Glacier movements
- Increased substrate
- Talus
- Till
- Moraines
- Drumlins
- Decreased substrate
- Kettles
- Kettle lakes
- Large piece of ice driven deep into ground,
forms lakes, sloughs, etc
- Organisms and landscape structure
- Landscape change studies: forest is destroyed to agriculture
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Document Summary
Landscape: heterogenous area composed of distinct patches. Landscape ecology: study of relationship between spatial pattern of ecological processes over a range of scales. Spatial heterogeneity across multiple scales (extent, origin, and. Geological processes, climate, organisms, and fire contribute to the creation of landscape (and maintenance of landscapes) Canada and northern us covered repeatedly by glaciers. Cold periods: 60 - 90 thousand years. Glaciation and vegetation mosaics in north north america. Effects of glaciers on landscape is dramatic. Rock and soil moved over great distances. Landscape change studies: forest is destroyed to agriculture. Large piece of ice driven deep into ground, forms lakes, sloughs, etc. Eastern north america and europe: abandoned farms reverting to forest. Where there was healthland is now forest. Fire suppression creates more biomass, but there are other factors. More biomass isn"t always a good thing. Landscape structure: size, shape, composition, number, and position of patches. Patch: relatively homogenous area that differs from surrounding.
