BIOL-108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Swiss Cheese, Lactobacillales, Actinobacteria

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grayduck996

22 Jun 2017

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Gram-staining and domain bacteria cell walls: gram-stain differentiates bacteria into two large groups: gram-positive and gram- 2. 1 firmicutes: form bacilli or cocci, have lower concentration of g&c than actinobacteria, found in staphylococcus epidermis on our skin. Actinobacteria on us and their stinky cheeses: two actinobacteria that naturally occur on humans propionibacterium and brevibacterium, propionibacterium dwells on the skin, at their worst cause acne. Also responsible for the nutty and sweet flavours of swiss cheese. Cause the big holes in swiss cheese: brevibacterium dwells in the most environment between our toes. Same smell is replicated in a group of delicious cheeses. !1: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae, group of bacteria found primarily in fresh water habitats sometimes moist terrestrial habitats and the fur of mammals, gram-negative have photosynthesis process, carbon fixing photoautotrophes, single celled, colonial species and multicellular. Environmental survey of bacteria and microorganisms: microbes are found everywhere, major part of the earths biomass.

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1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)

		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine
		The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do
		Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria
		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does
		Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack

What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)

		Biochemical similarities between existing species
		Fossils
		Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.)
		DNA sequences and molecular clocks

For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya

- A. B. C.	Methanogens (prokaryotes that produce methane)
- A. B. C.	Gram-positive bacteria
- A. B. C.	Fungi
- A. B. C.	Animals
- A. B. C.	Cyanobacteria
- A. B. C.	Green algae
- A. B. C.	Red algae
- A. B. C.	Amoebas
- A. B. C.	Thermophiles (prokaryotes of hydrothermal vents)
- A. B. C.	Plants
- A. B. C.	Free-living relatives of mitochondria
- A. B. C.	Single-celled organisms with a circular strand of DNA, without anuclear envelope and without peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:

		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs
		There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi
		There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods
		There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species

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BIOL-108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Swiss Cheese, Lactobacillales, Actinobacteria

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