SOCI-1015EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dependent And Independent Variables, Hawthorne Effect
20 Jun 2018
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Chapter 2
The Theory and Research Cycle
The Deductive Approach — The researcher
begins with a theory and uses research to
test the theory. This leads to: (1). Theories
generate hypotheses; (2). Hypotheses lead
to observations; (3). Observations lead to the
formation of generalizations; (4).
Generalizations are used to support theory,
to suggest modifications to it, or to refute it.
The Inductive Approach — researcher
collects all the information or data, which
then generates theories from the analysis of
that data. (1). Specific obsessions suggest
generalizations; (2). Generalizations produce
tentative theory; (3). the theory is tested
through the formations of hypotheses; (4).
Hypotheses may provide suggestions for
additional observations.
Research Methods
Conventional Research Model (Quantitative Research)
1. Select and define the research problem
2. Review previous research
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Develop the research design
5. Collect and analyze the data
6. Draw conclusions and report the findings
Qualitative Research Model
1. The researcher begins with a general approach rather than a highly detailed plan
2. The researcher has to decide when the literature review and theory application should take
place
3. The study presents a detailed view of the topic
4. Access to people or other resources that can provide th necessary data is crucial
5. Appropriate research methods ar important for acquiring useful qualitative data.
Survey Research
-Self Administered Questionnaires
Relatively inexpensive and simple to administer, allowing for rapid data collection and analysis.
Anonymous, yet many individuals don't respond.
-Face-to-face interviews
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The deductive approach the researcher begins with a theory and uses research to test the theory. Observations lead to the formation of generalizations; (4). Generalizations are used to support theory, to suggest modi cations to it, or to refute it. The inductive approach researcher collects all the information or data, which then generates theories from the analysis of that data. (1). Generalizations produce tentative theory; (3). the theory is tested through the formations of hypotheses; (4). Conventional research model (quantitative research: select and de ne the research problem, review previous research, formulate hypothesis, develop the research design, collect and analyze the data, draw conclusions and report the ndings. Relatively inexpensive and simple to administer, allowing for rapid data collection and analysis. Usually asked from a standardized questionnaire, tend to produce uniform or replicable data that can be elicited time after time by different interviewers. Limited by caller id, and individuals non-cooperation in using an automated calling service.
