SOCI-1015EL Lecture 1: Learning Outomes Overview
20 Jun 2018
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Sociology Final Exam
Learning Outcomes
Differences between the terms “sex”, “gender” and “sexuality”.
Sex: the biological and anatomical differences between female and male.
Gender:
Sexuality:
Outline Variations between intersected individuals, hermaphrodites, transsexuals, and
transvestites.
Inter-sexed Individuals:
Hermaphrodites: A person in whom sexual differentiation is ambitious or incomplete.
Transexuals: a person in whom the sex-related structure of the brain that define gender
identity are opposite from the physical sex organs of the persons body.
Transvestite: living as the opposite gender without altering the genitals.
A persons preference for emotion-sexual relationships with members of
the opposite sex (heterosexual), to same sex (homosexual) or both
(bisexual). !
" •" Explain the relationships between "gender roles," "gender identity,"
"body consciousness," and "sexism" and discrimination and
patriarchy.!
Gender Roles: refers to the attitudes, behaviour, and activities that are socially defined
as appropriate for each sex and are learned throughout the socialization process.
Gender Identity: is a persons perception of the set as female or male.
Body Consciousness: How a person perceives and feels about his or her body.
Sexism: The subordination of one sex, based on the assumed priority of the other.
Patriarchy: system controlled by men
Matriarchy: system controlled by women.
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Describe gender stratification in preindustrial, industrial, and post-
industrial.!
Preindustrial: a definitive line between division of labour. Men were the
bread winners, while women stayed home raising children, cleaning and
cooking. Women during this time had very little power, or basic rights. !
Industrial: much agriculture work was replaced by factories, and the major
formation of economic activity. As societies industrialized status of women
declined even further. 22% of white single women were in the paid labour
force. This is when “womens” work and “mens” work came into belief. In
the later years of this period, women started to become more predominant
and focused on body images primarily. !
Postindustrial: Women move into positions of power, and education is
needed to obtain any sort of high wage employment. Technology
advanced.!
Parents throughout centuries have developed the gender roles from birth.
From toys, to the way that parents speak and act to their children are
dependent on the gender of their child. Daughters are commonly given
stricter rules and earlier curfews to keep them closer to home, seeing them
as ‘fragile’. Parents can also be the underlying cause of eating disorders,
as in African countries extra weight is smiled upon while in the white
culture is looked upon negatively. !
Peers & Gender Socialization: Peers throughout all stages of development
play extremely important roles. Peers ridicule others if they are not
conforming to the gender role that they physically represent. Gender
identityes are supported through these growing stages through peers. If
not fitting to the conformity, the child will likely be bullied verbally or
physically. !
Teachers, Schools, and Gender Socialization: Teachers commonly display
gender bias, with knowledge or without. Studies have shown that girls are
less identified in the school environment than boys, and teachers influence
both their learning and self-esteem. From sex segregation, to textbooks
references of one gender over the other creates barriers in these children
lives. Boys are frequently ‘amused’ by the sexual harassment of girls,
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making these girls self esteem drop once again and the boys to believe
from a young age that they are above females altogether. !
Functionalist — Macrolevel — traditional gender roles ensure that
expressive and instrumental tasks will be performed. !
Conflict — Power and economic differences — Unequal political and
economic powers heightens gender-based social inequalities.!
Feminist — Embraced to reduce sexism — Liberal feminism, radical
feminism, socialist feminism, multicultural feminism. !
Feminism!
Liberal Feminism: Equated with the equality of opportunity. !
Radical Feminism: Causes all forms of oppression, including racism and
classism. Often traced to the roots of patriarchy. !
Socialist Feminism: Women’s oppression sets from dual roles as paid and
unpaid workers in a capitalist economy. Job segregation. !
Multicultural Feminism: How gender and colour affect the black female
race. The oppression they face is extreme, battling 2 stigmas. !
" •" Compare monogamy, non-monogamy and cross-cultural variations
in intimate relationship.!
Monogamy: Relationship between 2 individuals!
Polygamy: Concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with 2 or more
members of the opposite sex.!
!
" •" Outline the various theoretical perspectives on sex, sexuality, and
intimate relationships.!
" •" Describe current issues in sexuality including the sexual health of
youth, sexually transmitted infections, vulnerable groups, and sex
education.!
" •" Outline various forms of intimate partner violence.!
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