CHMI-2227EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Cell Nucleus, Guanine, Polynucleotide

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coffeewildebeest806

27 Jun 2018

School

Laurentian

Department

Chemistry & Biochemistry / Chimie et biochimie

Course

CHMI-2227EL

Professor

Nasserula

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Biochemistry - Day 17 2018.03.21.

Question

-What distinguishes nucleotides from nucleosides

-a) nucleosides lack the phosphate group TRUE

-b) nucleosides lack the sugar group

-c) nucleosides lack a nitrogenous base

-d) the two words are synonymous

-Which of the following is the most distinguishing difference between a purine and

pyrimidine?

-e) purines are double ring structures while pyrimidines have a single ring

-Which of the following bases is not found in RNA?

-d) Thymine (T)

-Which of the following nucleases is a purine?

-a) Adenine

-The fundamental differences between RNA and DNA are

-d) bases and the ribose units only

-Which of the following groups is not found in nucleosides?

-a) phosphates

Nomenclature of Nucleosides

-Nucleosides are nucleotides minus phosphate group

-Purine nucleosides have the ending OSINE from purine

-Pyrimidine nucleosides have the ending IDINE from

pyrimidine

-Ignore Hypoxanthine in chart, and thymine, he accepts

thymidine

Conformation of Nucleosides

-In nucleosides, the base can exist in 2 distinct orientations

about the N-glycosidic bond

-These conformations are identiﬁes as:

-syn: the base is above the sugar

-anti: the base is moved away from the sugar

-It is the anti conﬁrmation that predominates in naturally

occurring nucleosides

Nucleotides

-Nucleotide: when a phosphoric acid is esteriﬁed to one of the hydroxyl groups on the

sugar group of a nucleoside, a nucleotide is then formed

-Ester formation for ribonucleosides can occur at 2’ , 3’ , 5’ position of the sugar

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Document Summary

A) nucleosides lack the phosphate group true. E) purines are double ring structures while pyrimidines have a single ring. The fundamental differences between rna and dna are. D) bases and the ribose units only. Purine nucleosides have the ending osine from purine. Pyrimidine nucleosides have the ending idine from pyrimidine. Ignore hypoxanthine in chart, and thymine, he accepts thymidine. In nucleosides, the base can exist in 2 distinct orientations about the n-glycosidic bond. Syn: the base is above the sugar. Anti: the base is moved away from the sugar. It is the anti con rmation that predominates in naturally occurring nucleosides. Nucleotide: when a phosphoric acid is esteri ed to one of the hydroxyl groups on the sugar group of a nucleoside, a nucleotide is then formed. Ester formation for ribonucleosides can occur at 2" , 3" , 5" position of the sugar. Ester formation for deoxyribonucleosides can occur at 3" , 5" position of the sugar.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:

A. contain DNA organized by histones.

B. contain usually one, circular chromosome.

C. contain plasmid DNA.

D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus.

QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:

A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine.

B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine.

C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine.

D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil.

QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:

A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule.

B. has a 3' to 5' directionality.

C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose.

D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A.

QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine.

B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not.

C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate.

D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases.

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

1.Which of the following is not true about DNA? a) it is found both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm b)it is double stranded and the standards are connected by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs c) A purine base always pairs with a pyrimidine base to make up the DNA code d) it is the control center for both cell activity and heredity 2.Which of the following represents accurate base pairing in DNA ?a) Adenine to Adenine b)Adenine to Uracil c)Thymine to Cytosine d)Adenine to Thymine 3. Purines and Pyrimidines are found a) DNA only b)RNA only c) A and B d)In proteins 4.The bond that forms between carbohydrates is called a)peptide bond b) ester bond c) glycoside bond d)never ending bone 5. Which of the following does not dissolve readily in water? a)proteins b) amono acids c) steroids d) carbohydrates 6. The following arrangement of amino acids represents what level of structure ? ABACABDD a)Primary b)Secondary c)Tertiary d)Quaternary

cerisedog238

CHMI-2227EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Cell Nucleus, Guanine, Polynucleotide

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