ANTR-3087EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ayurveda, Upper Paleolithic, Animal Husbandry
Document Summary
Human morbidity (rate of disease) and mortality (rate of death) stem from interaction with environment (weather, terrain), livelihood (subsistence) and social systems (social relationships) Five subsistence and technological patterns: 1) hunting, gathering, foraging; 2) horticulture; 3) nomadic herding; 4) peasant agriculture; 5) modern-industrialized- global society. Different disease patterns result in different disease patterns. Studies: human and animal remains (bone, teeth, soft tissues); art (pottery, masks, paintings. Palaeopathology (past disease): infectious diseases (tb); chronic conditions (arthritis, bone tumors); malnutrition; broken bones; trauma (spear wounds, carnivore bites), congenital defects (dwarfism); dental caries (cavities) Social organization: low population densities, small family groups, 3-4 births per nuclear family. Livelihood: hunting and gathering, good and varied diet. Origins of agriculture: 11,500 bce (near east); 4,500 bce (africa); 2,000 bce (global); hunter-gathering remains. Morbidity and mortality patterns: dietary insufficiency and deficiency (protein, anemia) due to food shortages; animal diseases (avian flu, cow pox); infectious disease epidemics; disease related to hygiene (diarrhea, cholera)
