HIST 1115 Lecture Notes - Dawes Plan, Lebensraum, Totalitarianism
The rise of Hilter and the Nazis
Comparison with Fascism in Italy
Italy is really the only country with a fascist government
All the European countries have fascist parties
Until this point, the west had been trying to make treaties with Mussolini
oHe is being treated like a peace maker
All the fascist leaders style themselves as heroes
Germany is going to side-line Italy
There are some German speaking people that are living in Italy
oIn the formerly Austrian part of the country
oHitler is making an appeal to these people
There is a lot in common between the faschists and the Nasi’s
oWar is the constant refrain
oThey talk about the injustices of the war
oThe Original followers are the soldiers
The Nazi Brown shirts: Sturmabteilung (S.A)
oThey march around and create mayhem
oThey came right out of the Freikorps
oThey are mostly fighting the German communist party
oThey are carrying on the camaraderie of the trenches, they are the only
ones that they’re able to trust
oGives the men a sense of structure
Adolf Hitler
oFailed artist
oFrom Austria
oThe war gives him a purpose, he goes over to serve with the German
army as a runner (delivered messages across no man’s land)
He was decorated
He loved the discipline and destruction
oWhen the war is over he is part of the political education department
Both of them would agitate the feelings in their countries that they got a bad deal
oItaly felt that their peace was mutilated undermining their leaders
oNazi’s directed hate towards Germany’s enemies
They also directed it towards the social democrats
They sold Germany out by signing the dictated peace
oBoth promise to change when they get to power
oThey both are getting power from the opposite end of communism
There are movements and people are scared
Hitler begins a revolt in Bavaria
oThe Beer Hall Puusch
oThe German army remains loyal to gov’t
oHe goes to jail
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Both Hitler and Mussolini are ANTI COMMUNIST
oThey said that they would change when they came to power
oThey wanted revolution
oThey were going to redistribute property
oSocialist in the sense of redistribution
oHitler hated the socialism
oThey were promising a revolution when Hitler got to power
oThey are violent, but this is not how they get power
Hitler learned that he wasn’t going to get into power to get the army to stage a
coup
oHe was going to use the traditional parlimantary roles to get power
oOnce he gets power he will take over
oHe’ll get rid of parliamentary power
oHe does this by working with the big land owners
Conservative elites badly underestimate the movements they are
working with
They thought they could use the mass movement to secure their
ends
The elites wanted to see restoration of the Kaiser
They are using the people that they are dispossessing
They will both PRETEND to lead a revolution
They use symbols so it looks like they just swept into power
oMussolini had the march on Rome
oIn Germany, there is a mass Torch-light parade (Berlin 1933)
To inspire and to scare
A warning and a celebration of his power
oThey both say they’re reps of the popular will
They’re not delegating
They’re the embodiment of the people they speak for
They come from below to lead you
Hitler
“the unknown soldier”
Most Germans and Italians do not vote for the fascists
oUntil they have to
oThe leaders were not discouraged
oThey promised to forge a popular movement that would lead like dictators
Weimar Germany
oGuaranteed rights of people
oGuaranteed adult suffrage
oBefore ww1 the Germans did not have enough democracy
oSocial democrats were always part of every coalition
Were not always the main gov’t
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Italy is really the only country with a fascist government. All the european countries have fascist parties. Until this point, the west had been trying to make treaties with mussolini: he is being treated like a peace maker. All the fascist leaders style themselves as heroes. There are some german speaking people that are living in italy: in the formerly austrian part of the country, hitler is making an appeal to these people. There is a lot in common between the faschists and the nasi"s: war is the constant refrain, they talk about the injustices of the war, the original followers are the soldiers. Adolf hitler: failed artist, from austria, the war gives him a purpose, he goes over to serve with the german army as a runner (delivered messages across no man"s land) He loved the discipline and destruction: when the war is over he is part of the political education department.
