HIST 1115 Lecture Notes - John Stuart Mill, The Communist Manifesto, Industrial Society
History 1115
French Revolution
Individualism
The right of the people to rule themselves rather than having a monarch
Does not end throughout the 19th century, there were more revolutions
French people feel that they need to keep re asserting their goals/desires
They call themselves a republic, which means a state without a monarch
The British responds to the French Revolution by extending popular serenity to
the British people
German/Italian Revolution
Thought they should unite as a state
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Liked the idea of revolution
Lots of different ethnic groups spread around the country
The groups of people felt that they had the right to be able to rule themselves,
and split off into different countries
This was a big part of the start of WW1 because they were fighting among
themselves
They wanted people to be patriotic to their country so that if a war was to begin
they would fight in it
oThey would feel obliged to protect their country
When WW1 started, men in Brittan really wanted to protect their nation and the
Gov’t was overwhelmed
Even if they were not a democracy, countries still wanted their citizens to flock to
defend their country, despite being autocratic
oThe people would have to be conscripted if they were not convinced to
love their country many times because they did not have popular
sovergnity
For all of Europe, WW1 was a supreme test of the citizen’s army
oPeople gave their lives (Germany, Britian, Italy etc)
oRussia had the largest army but the guns ended up turning against the
gov
Industrial Revolution
Begins in the 18th century (mid 1700s)
Was seen to be a simple tinkering around with machinery but turned into a big
change
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
oPeople that once lived in communities that had lords and peasnats, their
lives were changed by farming machinery
oIn the city there was a Middle Class (Bourgeoise) and the Workers
(proletariat)
oIn the country, There were relationships between people but they do not
know each other
oIn the city, people did not know the peple they worked for and there were
few relationships
oBritian was the first country that was affected by the Industrial Rev.
oBy the 20th century the US and Germany were both more elevated than
Britain, but they were still doing pretty well
oIndustrial Rev. isn’t necessarily a good thing in every country, it meant that
some countries were backwards
In Russia there was a lot of social dislocation
Disorders the relationships
Brings mass urban societies where people DEMAND their rights
Conservatism (before WW1)
Edmund Burke- Conservative philosophy
ohe believed that if any part of a society was injured and you were striking
at the heart of society(because it is a living being)
ohe believed that people needed the guidance of a king(monarchy), the
church, the aristorcracy and the presence of an army to keep them in
place
oNEED to keep them intact
It seemed silly to call yourself a conservative because it seemed like nothing was
ever going to change
oThe king was in his castle etc. there was a traditional order that would
“never change” or so they thought
Property gives you status but also gives obligations
oMust physically maintain the land
oMust maintain the health of the people that lived on your land
oProperty is a set of relationships, there are people that rely on the leader
They are OK with inequality
o You are born in the place that you’re supposed to be born
oit’s Gods will that you were born a peasant and will stay a peasant, the
Lord will take care of you
The Church, Army, Monarchy were mostly conservative
They felt that the French Revolution and Industrial Rev challenged them
oGave the notion that the Peasants were equal or able to move up
oThis ordered heierarchy was challenged by the IR (industrial rev)
oThey made the people dispensible, if they were sick, they fired them, there
were no real relationships
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The right of the people to rule themselves rather than having a monarch. Does not end throughout the 19th century, there were more revolutions. French people feel that they need to keep re asserting their goals/desires. They call themselves a republic, which means a state without a monarch. The british responds to the french revolution by extending popular serenity to the british people. Thought they should unite as a state. Lots of different ethnic groups spread around the country. The groups of people felt that they had the right to be able to rule themselves, and split off into different countries. This was a big part of the start of ww1 because they were fighting among themselves. They wanted people to be patriotic to their country so that if a war was to begin they would fight in it: they would feel obliged to protect their country.
