MICI 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Borrelia, Dna Replication, Gram-Negative Bacteria
7 Sep 2018
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Difference in size (plasmids are smaller: phylogeny, many methods to classify organisms, appearance (features that can be discerned or observed- phenotypes, bias and subjective (round/oval, long neck/short neck etc), physical/chemical/biological features. Larger in size: specialized organelles, single and multicellular. For harsher environments: a hybrid of bacterial and eukaryotic cellular functions, prokaryotic, although they have histones, transcription machinery like eukaryotes, no introns and a single chromosome (like bacteria)(generally, one archaeon grows above 121 degrees celcius! Swim by using a distinct structure not like bacterial or eukaryl flagella: higher than an autoclave, pcr and thermostable polymerases, proofreading activity in a single unit, a prototypic bacterial cell. Schematic model of gram positive cell wall: certain antibiotics function by blocking cell wall biosynthesis, making the bacterial cell unstable and vulnerable, e. g. ampicillin, vancomycin, gram positive cell wall features, thick peptidoglycan layer, cross-linked nag and nam polymers. Lipotechoic acids (lta) are a major component of gram positive cell walls.
